8/26/25, 8:46
AM
NURS 451- FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A 2025/2026
Terms in this set (70)
1. Primary prevention-aims to prevent disease
BEFORE it occurs.
• provide early childhood vaccines/Flu
• Encourage elderly person to install safety devices -
grab bars, handrails on steps
• teach young adults healthy lifestyles
• teach safe sex practices
• work on a committee to find out about a toxic waste
dump
• information about depression/anxiety
2. Secondary prevention-aims to REDUCE
Levels of Prevention impact of a disease or injury that has
ALREADY OCCURRED
• Conducting community hypertension and
cholesterol screening programs
• Encourage breast and testicular self-examination,
regular mammograms
• Assess for early signs of child abuse in a
family, emotional disturbances among
widows, or alcohol and drug abuse
1/42
,8/26/25, 8:46
AM
among adolescents
3. Tertiary prevention- Aims to soften the
impact of an ongoing illness or injury that
has lasting effects. Help manage long term
problems.
• Treatment and rehab of persons after a stroke
• Postmastectomy exercise programs to restore
function
• Early treatment/management of
diabetes to reduce problems or slow their
progression
Factors contributing to the development of a
noncommunicable disease that can be altered
Modifiable risk factors by modifying one's behavior or environment
Examples: hypertension, not getting enough
physical exercise, obesity, diabetes, depression,
smoking, hearing loss, and binge drinking.
2/42
,8/26/25, 8:46
AM
Clinician
• Care provider
• Focus on holistic practice and wellness,
health promotion, and prevention while
using expanded skills
Educator
• Health teacher
• Plan for community-wide impact
Advocate
• Plead the client’s cause or actor on behalf of the
client
• Goals of Advocacy:
-Support the client’s self-determination and
independence
-Make the system responsive and relevant to the
client’s needs
Roles of the • Advocates must:
public/community health
-Be assertive
nurse
-Take risks
-Communicate and negotiate well
-Identify and obtain resources for the client
Manager
• Administrative direction of goals: plan, organize,
lead, control, evaluate
• Participative approach with community
Collaborator
3/42
, 8/26/25, 8:46
AM
• Working jointly with others
• Multidisciplinary
collegiality and
leadership Leadership
role (acts as a change
agent) Researcher
• Systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of
data for solving problems
• Seeking evidence-based solutions to addressing
needs in community settings
Causes of preventable Bleeding
death
• Assessment is Critical
• Process of determining real or perceived needs of a
defined community
• Process:
-Interaction and Effective Communication (talk with the
community)
-Windshield Survey: (familiarization assessment)
-Problem-Oriented Assessment: (Identify Problem)
-Community Subsystem Assessment: Churches
-Comprehensive Assessment (key informants)
-Community Assets Assessment (What is already in the
Community)
-Redlining (Denial of Mortgages or low financial rates in
certain areas)
Conducting a community • Surveys (questions)
assessment
• Descriptive Epidemiologic Studies (how widespread
4/42
AM
NURS 451- FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A 2025/2026
Terms in this set (70)
1. Primary prevention-aims to prevent disease
BEFORE it occurs.
• provide early childhood vaccines/Flu
• Encourage elderly person to install safety devices -
grab bars, handrails on steps
• teach young adults healthy lifestyles
• teach safe sex practices
• work on a committee to find out about a toxic waste
dump
• information about depression/anxiety
2. Secondary prevention-aims to REDUCE
Levels of Prevention impact of a disease or injury that has
ALREADY OCCURRED
• Conducting community hypertension and
cholesterol screening programs
• Encourage breast and testicular self-examination,
regular mammograms
• Assess for early signs of child abuse in a
family, emotional disturbances among
widows, or alcohol and drug abuse
1/42
,8/26/25, 8:46
AM
among adolescents
3. Tertiary prevention- Aims to soften the
impact of an ongoing illness or injury that
has lasting effects. Help manage long term
problems.
• Treatment and rehab of persons after a stroke
• Postmastectomy exercise programs to restore
function
• Early treatment/management of
diabetes to reduce problems or slow their
progression
Factors contributing to the development of a
noncommunicable disease that can be altered
Modifiable risk factors by modifying one's behavior or environment
Examples: hypertension, not getting enough
physical exercise, obesity, diabetes, depression,
smoking, hearing loss, and binge drinking.
2/42
,8/26/25, 8:46
AM
Clinician
• Care provider
• Focus on holistic practice and wellness,
health promotion, and prevention while
using expanded skills
Educator
• Health teacher
• Plan for community-wide impact
Advocate
• Plead the client’s cause or actor on behalf of the
client
• Goals of Advocacy:
-Support the client’s self-determination and
independence
-Make the system responsive and relevant to the
client’s needs
Roles of the • Advocates must:
public/community health
-Be assertive
nurse
-Take risks
-Communicate and negotiate well
-Identify and obtain resources for the client
Manager
• Administrative direction of goals: plan, organize,
lead, control, evaluate
• Participative approach with community
Collaborator
3/42
, 8/26/25, 8:46
AM
• Working jointly with others
• Multidisciplinary
collegiality and
leadership Leadership
role (acts as a change
agent) Researcher
• Systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of
data for solving problems
• Seeking evidence-based solutions to addressing
needs in community settings
Causes of preventable Bleeding
death
• Assessment is Critical
• Process of determining real or perceived needs of a
defined community
• Process:
-Interaction and Effective Communication (talk with the
community)
-Windshield Survey: (familiarization assessment)
-Problem-Oriented Assessment: (Identify Problem)
-Community Subsystem Assessment: Churches
-Comprehensive Assessment (key informants)
-Community Assets Assessment (What is already in the
Community)
-Redlining (Denial of Mortgages or low financial rates in
certain areas)
Conducting a community • Surveys (questions)
assessment
• Descriptive Epidemiologic Studies (how widespread
4/42
