BIOD 331 Module 2 Pathophysiology Exam 2025 |
Complete Exam Questions and Correct Answers |
Graded A+ | Verified Answers | Brand New Version!
What is cancer? - (ANSWER)The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? - (ANSWER)"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal
growth of cells or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? - (ANSWER)The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ -
(ANSWER)Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) -
(ANSWER)Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? -
(ANSWER)Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - (ANSWER)Process of cell division. Adaptive process for
new cell growth to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. -
(ANSWER)Genetic abnormalities
,What is differentiation? - (ANSWER)Process by which cells become more
specialized with each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - (ANSWER)Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged,
or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - (ANSWER)Cell growth. They encode proteins that
signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? - (ANSWER)Cell death. Encode proteins
that inhibit cell growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA synthesis stops while the
cell enlarges and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA synthesis occurs, producing
2 separate sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA synthesis again stops
while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________ -
(ANSWER)Interphase
,What are cell cycle checkpoints? - (ANSWER)Means of molecular surveillance
used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)Mitosis and cytoplasmic
division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next. - (ANSWER)Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? -
(ANSWER)G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - (ANSWER)1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? -
(ANSWER)Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - (ANSWER)Cell receives stimuli
via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
, 3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until
prompted. - (ANSWER)Blood loss or tissue injury
Define cell proliferation - (ANSWER)Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic
cell division.
In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is __________ to the
number of cells dying or being shed. - (ANSWER)Equivalent
When considering cell proliferation, human cells fall within one of these two
categories: - (ANSWER)1. Gametes (ovum and sperm)
2. Somatic (non-reproductive cells)
Gametes are _________ - (ANSWER)Haploids
What is a haploid? - (ANSWER)A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
What are haploids designed for? - (ANSWER)Sexual function
After fusion, a _________ cell is formed - (ANSWER)Diploid
Complete Exam Questions and Correct Answers |
Graded A+ | Verified Answers | Brand New Version!
What is cancer? - (ANSWER)The unregulated growth of abnormal cells
What is neoplasia? - (ANSWER)"New growth". Process of uncontrolled, abnormal
growth of cells or tissues in the body
What is neoplasm? - (ANSWER)The new growth itself
Normal tissue growth responds with ________ and ________ -
(ANSWER)Hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Neoplasms don't respond to _____ _______ _____ ______ (4 words) -
(ANSWER)Appropriate cellular signaling stimuli
Normal tissue renewal and repair requires what 3 things? -
(ANSWER)Proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
What is proliferation? - (ANSWER)Process of cell division. Adaptive process for
new cell growth to replace old cells or when additional cells are needed.
Neoplasms tend to have _______ ______ that cause excessive and uncontrolled
proliferation that is unregulated by normal growth-regulating stimuli. -
(ANSWER)Genetic abnormalities
,What is differentiation? - (ANSWER)Process by which cells become more
specialized with each mitotic division
What is apoptosis? - (ANSWER)Programmed cell death. Eliminates old, damaged,
or unwanted cells
What are proto-oncogenes? - (ANSWER)Cell growth. They encode proteins that
signal for the cell to proliferate
What do tumor suppressor genes do? - (ANSWER)Cell death. Encode proteins
that inhibit cell growth and signal (when necessary) for apoptosis
What is the G1 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA synthesis stops while the
cell enlarges and both RNA and protein synthesis begins
What is the S phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA synthesis occurs, producing
2 separate sets of chromosomes one for each daughter cell
What is the G2 phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)DNA synthesis again stops
while RNA/protein synthesis continues.
The first 3 phases of the cell cycle are referred to as __________ -
(ANSWER)Interphase
,What are cell cycle checkpoints? - (ANSWER)Means of molecular surveillance
used to ensure the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase
What is the M phase of the cell cycle? - (ANSWER)Mitosis and cytoplasmic
division.
Give an example of a type of cell found in the body that continually cycles from
one mitotic division to the next. - (ANSWER)Skin's squamous epithelium
What is the rest state that some cells enter after the M phase called? -
(ANSWER)G0 or resting phase
Why would a cell enter the G0 phase? - (ANSWER)1. Nutrients are unavailable
2. Growth factors are unavailable
3. Highly specialized cells first leave the cell cycle
What type of cells found in the body may permanently stay in G0? -
(ANSWER)Neurons (highly specialized and terminally differentiated cells)
What may prompt a cell to leave the G0 phase? - (ANSWER)Cell receives stimuli
via:
1. Growth factors
2. Hormones
, 3. Other signals that trigger growth
Give an example of a cell type found in the body that remains in G0 phase until
prompted. - (ANSWER)Blood loss or tissue injury
Define cell proliferation - (ANSWER)Process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic
cell division.
In normal tissues, the number of new cells being produced is __________ to the
number of cells dying or being shed. - (ANSWER)Equivalent
When considering cell proliferation, human cells fall within one of these two
categories: - (ANSWER)1. Gametes (ovum and sperm)
2. Somatic (non-reproductive cells)
Gametes are _________ - (ANSWER)Haploids
What is a haploid? - (ANSWER)A cell that contains a single set of chromosomes
What are haploids designed for? - (ANSWER)Sexual function
After fusion, a _________ cell is formed - (ANSWER)Diploid
