FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
WHAT MATERNAL RISK FACTORS LEAD TO A FETAL ECHO? - Answer- HX OF
HEART DISEASE
DIABETES MELLITUS
LUPUS
INFECTIONS-TORCH
DRUG USE
WHAT FETAL HEART DEFECT IS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL DIABETES
MELLITUS - Answer- TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT INVOLVES WHICH 4 HEART DEFECTS - Answer- HIGH
VSD
LARGE DISPLACED/OVERRIDING AORTA
PULMONARY STENOSIS
RT. VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
CARDIAC ANOMALIES CAN PLAY A ROLE IN PENTALOGY OF CANTRELL, BUT
THE MAIN BASIS STEMS FROM WHAT? - Answer- AN ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECT
IN THE LOWER PART OF THE STERNUM, TYPICALLY INVOLVES THE
DIAPHRAGM AS WELL
VSD - Answer- VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
WHAT DRUG USED FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN DURING
PREGNANCY? - Answer- LITHIUM
MATERNAL USE OF LITHIUM WHILE PREGNANT LEADS TO WHAT DEFECT? -
Answer- EBSTEIN ANOMALY
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE EBSTEIN ANOMALY? - Answer- TRICUSPID VALVE
LEAFLETS ARE INCORRECTLY POSITIONED
WHAT FAMILIAL RISK FACTORS LEAD TO A FETAL ECHO? - Answer-
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN A PREVIOUS SIBLING
, NAME THE LAYERS OF THE HEART AND WHERE THEY LIE. - Answer-
ENDOCARDIUM- INNERMOST LINING
MYOCARDIUM- MIDDLE LAYER, MADE OF MUSCLE, THICKEST
EPICARDIUM- OUTERMOST LAYER
A NORMAL MUSCLE THAT STRETCHES ACROSS THE RV NEAR APEX - Answer-
MODERATOR BAND
TRUE OR FALSE: THE MODERATOR BAND IS THE SAME THING AS EIF. - Answer-
FALSE!!!
EIF and moderator band are common findings in which side of the heart? - Answer-
right
STRANDS OF TISSUE THAT HELP ANCHOR THE VALVE LEAFLETS - Answer-
CORDAE TENDINAE
MUSCLES THAT ANCHOR HEART VALVES - Answer- PAPILLARY MUSCLES
SPECIFICALLY, WHICH HEART VALVES ARE ANCHORED BY THE PAPILLARY
MUSCLES? - Answer- THE MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVES
WHAT OTHER NAMES MIGHT BE USED FOR THE MITRAL VALVE? - Answer-
bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE TRICUSPID VALVE? - Answer- RIGHT
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
THE MITRAL VALVE IS ON WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART? - Answer- LEFT
WHICH VALVE IS USUALLY MORE INFERIOR? - Answer- TRICUSPID
WHAT IS VALVULAR REGURGITATION? - Answer- BACKWARDS FLOW OF BLOOD
THROUGH THE HEART VALVES
IN ECHO DOPPLER, THE BEAM MUST BE ____________ TO THE BLOOD FLOW
TRAVELING THROUGH THE HEART. - Answer- PARALLEL
IN ECHO, WHEN THERE IS NO ANGLE WHAT HAPPENS TO OUR RESULTS? -
Answer- OPTIMUM WAVEFORM &
100% OF THE TRUE VELOCITY
WHAT TWO NATURAL SHUNTS CAUSE BLOOD FLOW IN THE FETAL HEART TO
BE DIFFERENT? - Answer- FORAMEN OVALE AND DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
WHAT MATERNAL RISK FACTORS LEAD TO A FETAL ECHO? - Answer- HX OF
HEART DISEASE
DIABETES MELLITUS
LUPUS
INFECTIONS-TORCH
DRUG USE
WHAT FETAL HEART DEFECT IS ASSOCIATED WITH MATERNAL DIABETES
MELLITUS - Answer- TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT INVOLVES WHICH 4 HEART DEFECTS - Answer- HIGH
VSD
LARGE DISPLACED/OVERRIDING AORTA
PULMONARY STENOSIS
RT. VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
CARDIAC ANOMALIES CAN PLAY A ROLE IN PENTALOGY OF CANTRELL, BUT
THE MAIN BASIS STEMS FROM WHAT? - Answer- AN ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECT
IN THE LOWER PART OF THE STERNUM, TYPICALLY INVOLVES THE
DIAPHRAGM AS WELL
VSD - Answer- VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
WHAT DRUG USED FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN DURING
PREGNANCY? - Answer- LITHIUM
MATERNAL USE OF LITHIUM WHILE PREGNANT LEADS TO WHAT DEFECT? -
Answer- EBSTEIN ANOMALY
WHAT HAPPENS IN THE EBSTEIN ANOMALY? - Answer- TRICUSPID VALVE
LEAFLETS ARE INCORRECTLY POSITIONED
WHAT FAMILIAL RISK FACTORS LEAD TO A FETAL ECHO? - Answer-
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN A PREVIOUS SIBLING
, NAME THE LAYERS OF THE HEART AND WHERE THEY LIE. - Answer-
ENDOCARDIUM- INNERMOST LINING
MYOCARDIUM- MIDDLE LAYER, MADE OF MUSCLE, THICKEST
EPICARDIUM- OUTERMOST LAYER
A NORMAL MUSCLE THAT STRETCHES ACROSS THE RV NEAR APEX - Answer-
MODERATOR BAND
TRUE OR FALSE: THE MODERATOR BAND IS THE SAME THING AS EIF. - Answer-
FALSE!!!
EIF and moderator band are common findings in which side of the heart? - Answer-
right
STRANDS OF TISSUE THAT HELP ANCHOR THE VALVE LEAFLETS - Answer-
CORDAE TENDINAE
MUSCLES THAT ANCHOR HEART VALVES - Answer- PAPILLARY MUSCLES
SPECIFICALLY, WHICH HEART VALVES ARE ANCHORED BY THE PAPILLARY
MUSCLES? - Answer- THE MITRAL AND TRICUSPID VALVES
WHAT OTHER NAMES MIGHT BE USED FOR THE MITRAL VALVE? - Answer-
bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE TRICUSPID VALVE? - Answer- RIGHT
ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
THE MITRAL VALVE IS ON WHICH SIDE OF THE HEART? - Answer- LEFT
WHICH VALVE IS USUALLY MORE INFERIOR? - Answer- TRICUSPID
WHAT IS VALVULAR REGURGITATION? - Answer- BACKWARDS FLOW OF BLOOD
THROUGH THE HEART VALVES
IN ECHO DOPPLER, THE BEAM MUST BE ____________ TO THE BLOOD FLOW
TRAVELING THROUGH THE HEART. - Answer- PARALLEL
IN ECHO, WHEN THERE IS NO ANGLE WHAT HAPPENS TO OUR RESULTS? -
Answer- OPTIMUM WAVEFORM &
100% OF THE TRUE VELOCITY
WHAT TWO NATURAL SHUNTS CAUSE BLOOD FLOW IN THE FETAL HEART TO
BE DIFFERENT? - Answer- FORAMEN OVALE AND DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
