ADEQ WATER DISTRIBUTION GRADES 1 & 2 PRACTICE newest
actual 2025/2026 EXAM: with complete QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS| verified/GRADED A+|
How does the Langelier index relate to pH? - ---Answers---
Lsi= actual pH - (saturation pH)
Negative Lsi= corrosive
Positive Lsi= scaling
Define saturation - ---Answers---A stable condition of water
in which the water will neither scale or corrode
Define chelation - ---Answers---1) A chemical complexing
(forming or joining together) of metallic cations (such as
copper) with certain organic compounds, such as EDTA.
Chelation is used to prevent the precipitation of metals
(copper).
2) A chemical process used to control scale formation, in
which a chelating agent "captures" scale-causing ions and
holds them in solution, thus preventing them from
precipitating out and forming scale. Chelating materials
include humic acid and lignin.
,Define sequestration - ---Answers---A chemical process
used to control scale formation in which a sequestering agent
holds scale-causing ions in solution, preventing them from
precipitating out and forming scale.
What is the difference between sequestration and chelation? -
---Answers---Sequestration is often related to the deliberate
process of adding chemicals to drinking water. Chelation is
often considered a natural process.
What is a hydraulic grade line (HGL)? - ---Answers---A line
(hydraulic profile) indicating the piezometric level of water at
all points along a conduit, open channel, or stream. In an open
channel, the HGL is the free water surface.
What is an energy grade line (EGL)? - ---Answers---A line
joining the elevations of the energy heads; a line drawn above
the hydraulic grade line by a distance equivalent to the velocity
head of the flowing water at each section along a stream,
channel, or conduit.
Define friction head loss - ---Answers---The head lost by
water flowing in a stream or conduit as a result of...
(1) the disturbance set up by the contact between the moving
water and its containing conduit
and
(2) intermolecular friction
,Define instantaneous flow rate - ---Answers---A flow rate of
water measured at one particular instant, such as by a
metering device, involving the cross-sectional area of the
channel or pipe and the velocity of the water at that instant.
What is a pump center line? - ---Answers---An imaginary line
through the center of a pump
Name and define the two sides of a pump - ---Answers---
Suction: inlet side, low pressure
Discharge: outlet side, high pressure
Define static suction head. - ---Answers---The difference in
elevation between the pump center line and the free water
surface of the reservoir feeding the pump. In the measurement
of static suction head, the piezometric surface of the water at
the suction side of the pump is higher than the pump;
otherwise static suction lift is measured.
Define static suction lift. - ---Answers---The difference in
elevation between the pump center line of a pump and the free
water surface of the liquid being pumped. In a static suction lift
measurement, the piezometric surface of the water at the
suction side of the pump is lower than the pump; otherwise
static suction head is measured.
, Define static discharge head. - ---Answers---The difference
in height between the pump center line and the level of the
discharge free water surface.
Define total static head. - ---Answers---The total height that
the pump must lift the water when moving it from one point to
another. The vertical distance from the suction free water
surface to the discharge free water surface.
What are minor head losses? - ---Answers---The energy
losses that result from the resistance to flow as water passes
through valves, fittings, inlets and outlets of a piping system.
Define dynamic suction head. - ---Answers---The distance
from the pump center line at the suction center of the pump to
the point of the hydraulic grade line directly above it.
Define dynamic suction lift. - ---Answers---The distance from
the pump center line at the suction of the pump to the point on
the hydraulic grade line directly below it.
Define total dynamic head - ---Answers---The difference in
height between the hydraulic grade line (HGL) on the
discharge side of the pump and the HGL on the suction side of
the pump. This head is a measure of the total energy that a
pump must impart to the water to move it from one point to
another.
actual 2025/2026 EXAM: with complete QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS| verified/GRADED A+|
How does the Langelier index relate to pH? - ---Answers---
Lsi= actual pH - (saturation pH)
Negative Lsi= corrosive
Positive Lsi= scaling
Define saturation - ---Answers---A stable condition of water
in which the water will neither scale or corrode
Define chelation - ---Answers---1) A chemical complexing
(forming or joining together) of metallic cations (such as
copper) with certain organic compounds, such as EDTA.
Chelation is used to prevent the precipitation of metals
(copper).
2) A chemical process used to control scale formation, in
which a chelating agent "captures" scale-causing ions and
holds them in solution, thus preventing them from
precipitating out and forming scale. Chelating materials
include humic acid and lignin.
,Define sequestration - ---Answers---A chemical process
used to control scale formation in which a sequestering agent
holds scale-causing ions in solution, preventing them from
precipitating out and forming scale.
What is the difference between sequestration and chelation? -
---Answers---Sequestration is often related to the deliberate
process of adding chemicals to drinking water. Chelation is
often considered a natural process.
What is a hydraulic grade line (HGL)? - ---Answers---A line
(hydraulic profile) indicating the piezometric level of water at
all points along a conduit, open channel, or stream. In an open
channel, the HGL is the free water surface.
What is an energy grade line (EGL)? - ---Answers---A line
joining the elevations of the energy heads; a line drawn above
the hydraulic grade line by a distance equivalent to the velocity
head of the flowing water at each section along a stream,
channel, or conduit.
Define friction head loss - ---Answers---The head lost by
water flowing in a stream or conduit as a result of...
(1) the disturbance set up by the contact between the moving
water and its containing conduit
and
(2) intermolecular friction
,Define instantaneous flow rate - ---Answers---A flow rate of
water measured at one particular instant, such as by a
metering device, involving the cross-sectional area of the
channel or pipe and the velocity of the water at that instant.
What is a pump center line? - ---Answers---An imaginary line
through the center of a pump
Name and define the two sides of a pump - ---Answers---
Suction: inlet side, low pressure
Discharge: outlet side, high pressure
Define static suction head. - ---Answers---The difference in
elevation between the pump center line and the free water
surface of the reservoir feeding the pump. In the measurement
of static suction head, the piezometric surface of the water at
the suction side of the pump is higher than the pump;
otherwise static suction lift is measured.
Define static suction lift. - ---Answers---The difference in
elevation between the pump center line of a pump and the free
water surface of the liquid being pumped. In a static suction lift
measurement, the piezometric surface of the water at the
suction side of the pump is lower than the pump; otherwise
static suction head is measured.
, Define static discharge head. - ---Answers---The difference
in height between the pump center line and the level of the
discharge free water surface.
Define total static head. - ---Answers---The total height that
the pump must lift the water when moving it from one point to
another. The vertical distance from the suction free water
surface to the discharge free water surface.
What are minor head losses? - ---Answers---The energy
losses that result from the resistance to flow as water passes
through valves, fittings, inlets and outlets of a piping system.
Define dynamic suction head. - ---Answers---The distance
from the pump center line at the suction center of the pump to
the point of the hydraulic grade line directly above it.
Define dynamic suction lift. - ---Answers---The distance from
the pump center line at the suction of the pump to the point on
the hydraulic grade line directly below it.
Define total dynamic head - ---Answers---The difference in
height between the hydraulic grade line (HGL) on the
discharge side of the pump and the HGL on the suction side of
the pump. This head is a measure of the total energy that a
pump must impart to the water to move it from one point to
another.
