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IB SPANISH AB NOTES_ LAWS

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IB spanish ab notes which tells you the baisc laws of the spanish language.

Institution
Senior / 12th Grade
Course
Spanish

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1. After "de" → Use the gerund (if continuous meaning) or infinitive
o Estoy cansado de estudiar. (I'm tired of studying.)
o Acabo de llegar. (I just arrived.)
o De estar en tu lugar, no lo haría. (If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do it.)
2. After "para" → Use the infinitive
o Lo hice para ayudar. (I did it to help.)
o Es necesario para ganar. (It’s necessary to win.)
3. After "al" → Use the infinitive (expressing "upon doing something")
o Al entrar, vi a María. (Upon entering, I saw María.)
o Al terminar, dime. (Tell me when you finish.)
4. After "sin" → Use the infinitive
o Salió sin decir nada. (He left without saying anything.)
o Se fue sin pagar. (He left without paying.)
5. After "antes de" / "después de" → Use the infinitive
o Antes de salir, llama a mamá. (Before leaving, call mom.)
o Después de comer, vamos al cine. (After eating, we’re going to the movies.)
6. Verbs of perception (ver, oír, sentir, escuchar) → Infinitive or gerund
o Vi a Juan correr / corriendo. (I saw Juan run / running.)
o Oí a los niños jugar / jugando. (I heard the kids play / playing.)
7. "Seguir" and "continuar" → Use the gerund
o Sigue trabajando. (Keep working.)
o Continúa hablando. (Continue talking.)
8. "Ir a" + infinitive (for near future)
o Voy a comer. (I’m going to eat.)
o Vamos a salir. (We’re going to go out.)
9. "Tener que" and "Hay que" → Use the infinitive
o Tienes que estudiar. (You have to study.)
o Hay que trabajar. (One must work.)
10. After "que" (when expressing obligation or necessity) → Use subjunctive

 Es importante que estudies. (It’s important that you study.)
 Espero que vengas. (I hope you come.

1. Grammar Rules & Sentence Structures

 Ser vs. Estar → Ser for permanent traits, Estar for temporary states.
 Por vs. Para → Por for causes and movement, Para for purposes and destinations.
 Preterite vs. Imperfect → Preterite for completed actions, Imperfect for ongoing
past actions.
 Direct & Indirect Object Pronouns → Lo veo. (I see it.) / Le doy un regalo. (I give
him a gift.)
 Reflexive Verbs → Me levanto temprano. (I wake up early.)
 Subjunctive for Wants/Recommendations → Quiero que vengas. (I want you to
come.)

2. Vocabulary Must-Knows

 Common Verbs → Tener, Hacer, Ir, Ser, Estar, Poder, Querer, Deber, etc.
 Linking Words → Además, Sin embargo, Por lo tanto, A pesar de, En conclusión.

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Institution
Senior / 12th grade
Course
Spanish
School year
4

Document information

Uploaded on
August 30, 2025
Number of pages
3
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Miss ratna
Contains
All classes

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