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Growth Increases in size and weight
Gradual change and expansion, ad-
vancement in complexity. The expan-
Development
sion of the individual capacities through
growth, maturation and learning
Increase in competence and adaptabili-
Maturation ty, person begins to function at a higher
level
Expected growth patterns exist for all
Growth Patterns
people.
Childbearing period A period of extremely rapid growth.
Infancy A period of extremely rapid growth.
Adolescence A period of extremely rapid growth.
Infants double their birth weight by 6
Doubling birth weight
months of age.
Infants triple their birth weight by 1 year
Tripling birth weight
of age.
In early adolescents, girls experience
Growth spurt their adult growth spurt in height first,
followed later by boys.
The head is the fastest-growing section,
Fastest growing section of the body followed by the trunk, arms and then
legs.
Growth is one of the most important in-
Growth Charts dications of a child's overall health and
well-being.
The curves on the growth chart repre-
sent selected percentiles of the mea-
Growth Chart Interpretation
surements of large numbers of children
in the reference population.
If a child's weight is in the 85th percentile,
Percentile it means that 85 of 100 children (85%)
weigh less and 15 (15%) weigh more.
Cephalocaudal
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Infants advance in neck and head control
before controlling the movements of the
extremities.
Infants' central nervous systems develop
Proximodistal
before peripheral nervous systems.
Infants use a whole-hand grasp before
learning the finer control of the pincer
Differentiation Pattern
grasp, and they coo or babble before they
speak.
A screening tool that assists healthcare
Denver Developmental Screening Test providers in monitoring children's devel-
opment from birth to 6 years of age.
Describes the development of identity of
the self through successive stages that
unfold throughout the lifespan.
Erikson's Theory
Based on the need of each person to
Psychosocial Development develop a sense of trust in self and others
and a sense of personal worth.
Erikson's theory is composed of eight
critical developmental stages, each re-
quiring resolution of a conflict between
two opposing forces.
Critical Developmental Stages
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Defines cognitive acts as ways in which
Cognitive Development the mind organizes and adapts to its en-
vironments.
Cognitive development must reach a cer-
Developmental Readiness
tain level before learning can occur.
States that learning pulls development,
Vygotsky's Theory
contrasting with Piaget's view.
The gap between what a child can do
Zone of Proximal Development alone and what they can achieve with
guidance.
Support provided by others to help the
Scaffolding
child learn.
The study of changes in organisms
caused by modification of gene expres-
Epigenetics
sion rather than alteration of the genetic
code itself.
Surroundings affecting stress and men-
Physical Environment
tal health.
Factors causing psychological distress
Stressors
and irritability.
Health behaviors influencing pregnancy
Preconception Health
outcomes.
400 mcg daily recommended for repro-
Folic Acid
ductive health.
Union of sperm and egg initiating preg-
Fertilization
nancy.
Zygote Fertilized egg before implantation.
Formation of placenta for nutrient ex-
Placental Development
change.
Hormone indicating pregnancy, pro-
hCG
duced by placenta.
Symptoms suggesting pregnancy but not
Presumptive Signs
definitive.