INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
rene descartes ( 1596-1650 )
- issue of free will; the mind controls the
NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY
body through the pineal gland in the
RA 10029 - introduction in the application of brain
scientific methods to inquire into the - believed in the dualism; the mind is
biological, cognitive, affective, developmental, fundamentally different from the
personality, social, cultural and individual mechanical body
difference dimensions of human behavior - addressed the relationship between
mind (the mental aspects of life) and
‘psychology’ is derived from two greek words; body (the physical aspects of life)
psyche means “soul or breath” and logos
means “knowledge or study” structuralism: introspection and the awareness
of subjective experience
- behavior : observable actions and wilhelm wundt & edward titchener
responses of human beings and animals - a school of psychology whose goal was
- behaviorism : emphasizes that to identify the basic elements or
psychology should focus on behavior. structures of psychological experience
origin of Psychology rather than on - used the method of introspection
mind ● introspection : to describe exactly
- critical thinking : reasoned judgments what they experienced as they
(logical and well thought-out work on mental tasks
judgments)
- pseudo-psychology : any unfounded functionalism and evolutionary psychology
system that superficially resembles william james & john dewey
psychology - aimed to understand why animals and
- psychology : the science of human humans have developed the particular
behavior and cognitive (mental) psychological aspects
processes - influenced by charles darwin’s theory of
- science : a systematized body of natural selection
knowledge gathered through carefully ● natural selection : the physical
observing and measuring events characteristics of animals and
humans evolved because they
early psychologists were useful and functional
plato ( 428-347 BC )
- nature side psychodynamic psychology
- knowledge are innate/inborn
sigmund freud
- unconscious influence of the past (
john locke
childhood experiences ) that we could
- nurture side
no longer remember
- each child is born an “empty slate”
- understanding human that focuses on
- tabula rasa
the role of unconscious thoughts
aristotle ( 384-322 BC )
- based something through observations
, INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
behaviorism and the question of free will 2. to describe - observing/noting how they
ivan pavlov, john watson, & b.f skinner behave
- believed that human mind is a “black 3. to predict - how people will behave in
box” the future
- they do not believe in free will 4. to modify one’s behavior - to influence,
to improve people’s lives
the cognitive approach and cognitive
neuroscience importance of psychology
hermann ebbinghaus & frederic bartlett - aids in our understanding of both
- cognitive psychology is a field of ourselves and others
psychology that studies mental - can be used to address a wide range of
processes, including perception, real world issues and circumstances
thinking, memory, and judgment - facilities our understanding of and
- these actions correspond well to the response to mental health concerns
processes that computers perform - to better understand and control social
relationships makes it significant as well
social cultural psychology
lev vygotsky ( 1896-1934 ) subfields of psychology
- the study of how the social situations 1. cognitive psychology
and the cultures in which people find - a psychological area that focuses on
themselves influence thinking and mental states
behavior - cognitive psychologists often use an
● culture : common sets of social information processing model to
norms, values, beliefs, shared by describe how the mind works,
the people who live in a region suggesting that the brain stores and
processes information much like
MISCONCEPTIONS computer
2. biopsychology
common myths - focused on how the brain, neurons, and
1. psychologists are able to read minds nervous system influence thoughts,
2. psychologists only deal with mentally feelings, and behaviors
challenged people - study how brain injuries and brain
3. studying psychology is all about diseases impact human behavior
common sense and giving advices 3. personality psychology
4. psychologists don’t make a difference in - focuses on the study of thought
the world patterns, feelings, and behaviors that
5. graduates can’t work in various make each individual unique
fields/roles - includes freud’s psychoanalytic theory
of personality and erikson’s theory of
goals of psychology psychosocial development
1. to explain - why those behavior occur
rene descartes ( 1596-1650 )
- issue of free will; the mind controls the
NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY
body through the pineal gland in the
RA 10029 - introduction in the application of brain
scientific methods to inquire into the - believed in the dualism; the mind is
biological, cognitive, affective, developmental, fundamentally different from the
personality, social, cultural and individual mechanical body
difference dimensions of human behavior - addressed the relationship between
mind (the mental aspects of life) and
‘psychology’ is derived from two greek words; body (the physical aspects of life)
psyche means “soul or breath” and logos
means “knowledge or study” structuralism: introspection and the awareness
of subjective experience
- behavior : observable actions and wilhelm wundt & edward titchener
responses of human beings and animals - a school of psychology whose goal was
- behaviorism : emphasizes that to identify the basic elements or
psychology should focus on behavior. structures of psychological experience
origin of Psychology rather than on - used the method of introspection
mind ● introspection : to describe exactly
- critical thinking : reasoned judgments what they experienced as they
(logical and well thought-out work on mental tasks
judgments)
- pseudo-psychology : any unfounded functionalism and evolutionary psychology
system that superficially resembles william james & john dewey
psychology - aimed to understand why animals and
- psychology : the science of human humans have developed the particular
behavior and cognitive (mental) psychological aspects
processes - influenced by charles darwin’s theory of
- science : a systematized body of natural selection
knowledge gathered through carefully ● natural selection : the physical
observing and measuring events characteristics of animals and
humans evolved because they
early psychologists were useful and functional
plato ( 428-347 BC )
- nature side psychodynamic psychology
- knowledge are innate/inborn
sigmund freud
- unconscious influence of the past (
john locke
childhood experiences ) that we could
- nurture side
no longer remember
- each child is born an “empty slate”
- understanding human that focuses on
- tabula rasa
the role of unconscious thoughts
aristotle ( 384-322 BC )
- based something through observations
, INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY
behaviorism and the question of free will 2. to describe - observing/noting how they
ivan pavlov, john watson, & b.f skinner behave
- believed that human mind is a “black 3. to predict - how people will behave in
box” the future
- they do not believe in free will 4. to modify one’s behavior - to influence,
to improve people’s lives
the cognitive approach and cognitive
neuroscience importance of psychology
hermann ebbinghaus & frederic bartlett - aids in our understanding of both
- cognitive psychology is a field of ourselves and others
psychology that studies mental - can be used to address a wide range of
processes, including perception, real world issues and circumstances
thinking, memory, and judgment - facilities our understanding of and
- these actions correspond well to the response to mental health concerns
processes that computers perform - to better understand and control social
relationships makes it significant as well
social cultural psychology
lev vygotsky ( 1896-1934 ) subfields of psychology
- the study of how the social situations 1. cognitive psychology
and the cultures in which people find - a psychological area that focuses on
themselves influence thinking and mental states
behavior - cognitive psychologists often use an
● culture : common sets of social information processing model to
norms, values, beliefs, shared by describe how the mind works,
the people who live in a region suggesting that the brain stores and
processes information much like
MISCONCEPTIONS computer
2. biopsychology
common myths - focused on how the brain, neurons, and
1. psychologists are able to read minds nervous system influence thoughts,
2. psychologists only deal with mentally feelings, and behaviors
challenged people - study how brain injuries and brain
3. studying psychology is all about diseases impact human behavior
common sense and giving advices 3. personality psychology
4. psychologists don’t make a difference in - focuses on the study of thought
the world patterns, feelings, and behaviors that
5. graduates can’t work in various make each individual unique
fields/roles - includes freud’s psychoanalytic theory
of personality and erikson’s theory of
goals of psychology psychosocial development
1. to explain - why those behavior occur
