Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology is the name given to the science that deals with the study of the form
and structure of things. No matter which plant you take, the morphology of a
flowering plant includes the roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Flowering Plants
Flowering plants are the most diverse group of land plants with 300,000 known
species. These are also known as angiosperms and produce seed-bearing fruits. It is
believed that the flowering plant evolved from gymnosperms during the Triassic
period and the first flowering plant emerged 140 million years ago.
Flowers are the reproductive organs of the flowering plants and the most important
feature that distinguishes them from other seed plants. These have led to the
speciation of angiosperms that helps them to adapt to diverse ecological niches.
The flowering plants reproduce by the process of pollination. In this, the pollen
grains transfer from the anther of the male flowers to the stigma of the female flower
where fertilization occurs and seed is formed.
, When we look into the morphology of flowering plants, a plant has two systems root
system and shoot system. The underground part is called the root while the one above
is named the shoot.
Root System
The root is a brown, non-green and underground part of a plant. Root with their
branches is collectively called a root system. There are three types of the root system:
• Taproot System
The taproot is mainly found in dicotyledonous plants. It develops from the radicle of
the germinating seed, along with its primary roots and branches, giving rise to the
taproot system. Mustard seeds, mangoes, grams and banyan are a few examples
of dicotyledonous plants with taproot system.
• The Fibrous root System
The fibrous root is mainly found in ferns and in all monocotyledonous plants. This
root develops from thin, moderately branching roots or primary roots, growing from
the stem. The fibrous root system usually does not penetrate deep into the soil,
therefore, on full maturity, these roots look like a mat or a carpet on the floor. Wheat,
paddy, grass, carrots, onion, grass are a few examples of monocotyledonous plants
with the fibrous root system.
• The Adventitious root System
The roots which originate from any part of the plant body other than the radicle is
called the adventitious root system. This root system is mainly found in all
monocotyledonous plants. In plants, the adventitious root system is used for various
purposes, like mechanical support, vegetative propagation, etc. Banyan tree,
Morphology is the name given to the science that deals with the study of the form
and structure of things. No matter which plant you take, the morphology of a
flowering plant includes the roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Flowering Plants
Flowering plants are the most diverse group of land plants with 300,000 known
species. These are also known as angiosperms and produce seed-bearing fruits. It is
believed that the flowering plant evolved from gymnosperms during the Triassic
period and the first flowering plant emerged 140 million years ago.
Flowers are the reproductive organs of the flowering plants and the most important
feature that distinguishes them from other seed plants. These have led to the
speciation of angiosperms that helps them to adapt to diverse ecological niches.
The flowering plants reproduce by the process of pollination. In this, the pollen
grains transfer from the anther of the male flowers to the stigma of the female flower
where fertilization occurs and seed is formed.
, When we look into the morphology of flowering plants, a plant has two systems root
system and shoot system. The underground part is called the root while the one above
is named the shoot.
Root System
The root is a brown, non-green and underground part of a plant. Root with their
branches is collectively called a root system. There are three types of the root system:
• Taproot System
The taproot is mainly found in dicotyledonous plants. It develops from the radicle of
the germinating seed, along with its primary roots and branches, giving rise to the
taproot system. Mustard seeds, mangoes, grams and banyan are a few examples
of dicotyledonous plants with taproot system.
• The Fibrous root System
The fibrous root is mainly found in ferns and in all monocotyledonous plants. This
root develops from thin, moderately branching roots or primary roots, growing from
the stem. The fibrous root system usually does not penetrate deep into the soil,
therefore, on full maturity, these roots look like a mat or a carpet on the floor. Wheat,
paddy, grass, carrots, onion, grass are a few examples of monocotyledonous plants
with the fibrous root system.
• The Adventitious root System
The roots which originate from any part of the plant body other than the radicle is
called the adventitious root system. This root system is mainly found in all
monocotyledonous plants. In plants, the adventitious root system is used for various
purposes, like mechanical support, vegetative propagation, etc. Banyan tree,
