HACC NURSING N243 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Normal newborn heart rate - answer 100-180 bpm
Normal Toddler heart rate - answer 80-150
Normal preschool aged heart rate - answer 70-120
Normal school aged heart rate - answer 70-110
Normal adolescent heart rate - answer 55-90
Sinus rhythm - answer Normal rhythm, P-wave, QRS complex, and T-wave
Normal sinus rhythm - answer normal rhythm with normal rate for for child age
Sinus bradycardia - answer normal rhythm with low heart rate for age
Sinus tachycardia - answer normal rhythm with rapid heart rate for age
often seen with fever and increased WOB
Right sided altered perfusion s/s - answer blood back up into the body
-edema
-weight gain
-liver engorgement in infants
-neck vein distention in older children
Left sided altered perfusion s/s - answer blood backs up into the lungs
-tachypnea
-dyspnea
-orthopnea
-exercise intolerance
-cough
-cyanosis
-wheezing, rales
,-retractions
-nasal flaring
Preload - answer what is put into the heart
volume in the ventricle
tachycardia decreases preload
After load - answer what the heart pushes against
high pressure
cystic fibrosis, HTN narrowing of vessels
dehydration--> thick blood
Congestive heart failure physical exam - answer history is very important
Maternal h/o:
DM
Lupus
Depakote use
Family h/o:
heart disease
Infants h/o:
poor feeding
fussy
tachypnea at rest
Children h/o:
unable to keep up with peers during exercise
CHF diagnostic studies - answer CXR
,holter monitor
echo
TEE
cardiac catheterization
O2 sats
Pressure changes
cardiac output/stroke volume
anatomic abnormalities
CHF s/s - answer tires easily, especially during feedings
weight loss or gain
irritability
tachypnea
cough
tachycardia
chest pain
nasal flaring
retractions
grunting respirations
crackles
periorbital/facial edmea
jugular vein distention in children
low urine output
clubbing of fingers
CHF medications that increase heart efficiency by increasing cardiac out put and better
heart function - answer Digoxin
ACE inhibitors
Beta blocker
, CHF medications that remove excess fluid - answer diuretics
Digoxin - answer increases contractility
heart pumps more efficiently
positive ionotropic effect of digoxin - answer increases contraction
negative cronotropic effect of digoxin - answer decreases heart rate
Digoxin toxicity s/s - answer nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
vision disturbance
anorexia
bradycardia
abdominal pain
ACE Inhibitors - answer vasodilates
decreases blood pressure by decreasing afterload
"-pril"
ACE inhibitor side effects - answer angioedema
cough
hypotension
Beta Blockers - answer slows heart rate
"-lol"
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Normal newborn heart rate - answer 100-180 bpm
Normal Toddler heart rate - answer 80-150
Normal preschool aged heart rate - answer 70-120
Normal school aged heart rate - answer 70-110
Normal adolescent heart rate - answer 55-90
Sinus rhythm - answer Normal rhythm, P-wave, QRS complex, and T-wave
Normal sinus rhythm - answer normal rhythm with normal rate for for child age
Sinus bradycardia - answer normal rhythm with low heart rate for age
Sinus tachycardia - answer normal rhythm with rapid heart rate for age
often seen with fever and increased WOB
Right sided altered perfusion s/s - answer blood back up into the body
-edema
-weight gain
-liver engorgement in infants
-neck vein distention in older children
Left sided altered perfusion s/s - answer blood backs up into the lungs
-tachypnea
-dyspnea
-orthopnea
-exercise intolerance
-cough
-cyanosis
-wheezing, rales
,-retractions
-nasal flaring
Preload - answer what is put into the heart
volume in the ventricle
tachycardia decreases preload
After load - answer what the heart pushes against
high pressure
cystic fibrosis, HTN narrowing of vessels
dehydration--> thick blood
Congestive heart failure physical exam - answer history is very important
Maternal h/o:
DM
Lupus
Depakote use
Family h/o:
heart disease
Infants h/o:
poor feeding
fussy
tachypnea at rest
Children h/o:
unable to keep up with peers during exercise
CHF diagnostic studies - answer CXR
,holter monitor
echo
TEE
cardiac catheterization
O2 sats
Pressure changes
cardiac output/stroke volume
anatomic abnormalities
CHF s/s - answer tires easily, especially during feedings
weight loss or gain
irritability
tachypnea
cough
tachycardia
chest pain
nasal flaring
retractions
grunting respirations
crackles
periorbital/facial edmea
jugular vein distention in children
low urine output
clubbing of fingers
CHF medications that increase heart efficiency by increasing cardiac out put and better
heart function - answer Digoxin
ACE inhibitors
Beta blocker
, CHF medications that remove excess fluid - answer diuretics
Digoxin - answer increases contractility
heart pumps more efficiently
positive ionotropic effect of digoxin - answer increases contraction
negative cronotropic effect of digoxin - answer decreases heart rate
Digoxin toxicity s/s - answer nausea
vomiting
diarrhea
vision disturbance
anorexia
bradycardia
abdominal pain
ACE Inhibitors - answer vasodilates
decreases blood pressure by decreasing afterload
"-pril"
ACE inhibitor side effects - answer angioedema
cough
hypotension
Beta Blockers - answer slows heart rate
"-lol"
