MIDTERM EXAM NUR 209 MEDICAL-
SURGICAL NURSING II: 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
What are descriptive statistics? - Correct Answer-Descriptive statistics =
used to describe and synthesize data - aka unvaried or one variable
- Parameters = descriptor for a population
- Statistics.= descriptive index from a sample
- Descriptive statistics address one variable
What are bivariate descriptive statistics? - Correct Answer-Used for
describing the relationship between two variables
- Two common approaches:
1. Cross tabulation
2. Correlation
What is cross tabulation in bivariate descriptive statistics? - Correct
Answer-
Frequencies of two variables are analyzed against each other
ex men vs women and light vs heavy smokers
Looks at the relationship between 2 things and 2 things
,What is correlation in bivariate descriptive statistics? - Correct Answer-the
relationship or association between variables
- ex the more anxiety you have the higher your BP is
- identify the extent to which the variables are related
What are the bivariate statistical tests? - Correct Answer-1. T-tests = tests
the difference between 2 means
2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) = test the difference between more
than 2 means
3. Chi-squared test = tests the difference in proportions in categories
within a contingency table
4. Correlation coefficients (aka Pearson's R) = designates the
magnitude and direction of the relationship between 2 interval or 2 ratio
level variables
- 1 = strong positive relationship
- negative 1 = strong negative relationship
- 0 = no relationship
5. Effect size indexes = important concept in power analysis
What is a type 2 error? - Correct Answer-Accepting the null hypothesis
when it is false
- aka a false negative conclusion
- Subgroup analyses address the risk of both type 1 and type 2 errors
Why is research important to nursing? - Correct Answer-1. validates
knowledge
, 2. Refines knowledge
3. Generates new knowledge
What is the baccalaureate prepared registered nurse function? - Correct
Answer-Research function = locate and critically appraise studies,
evidence- based guidelines, protocols, and policies with assistance.
- Use best research evidence in practice with guidance, assist with
problem identification, and data collection
What is the DNP research function? - Correct Answer-Critically appraise
studies and develop and refine protocols and policies for practice.
- Participate in evidence-based guidelines development
- Implement, evaluate, and revise as needed: protocols, policies, and
evidenced-based guidelines into practice
What is qual convenience sampling? - Correct Answer-Think volunteer
- Volunteer samples come forward and identify themselves
- Efficient, economical, and convenient
- Not preferred because it could be biased
What is cross-sectional design? - Correct Answer-Data collected at one
point in time
- Typically seen with retrospective (now) studies
- Used to collect time related data, but it is less persuasive than
longitudinal studies
- Economical - poses problems for interfering changes over time
because it's just looking at now
SURGICAL NURSING II: 2025/2026 WITH
CORRECT/ACCURATE ANSWERS
What are descriptive statistics? - Correct Answer-Descriptive statistics =
used to describe and synthesize data - aka unvaried or one variable
- Parameters = descriptor for a population
- Statistics.= descriptive index from a sample
- Descriptive statistics address one variable
What are bivariate descriptive statistics? - Correct Answer-Used for
describing the relationship between two variables
- Two common approaches:
1. Cross tabulation
2. Correlation
What is cross tabulation in bivariate descriptive statistics? - Correct
Answer-
Frequencies of two variables are analyzed against each other
ex men vs women and light vs heavy smokers
Looks at the relationship between 2 things and 2 things
,What is correlation in bivariate descriptive statistics? - Correct Answer-the
relationship or association between variables
- ex the more anxiety you have the higher your BP is
- identify the extent to which the variables are related
What are the bivariate statistical tests? - Correct Answer-1. T-tests = tests
the difference between 2 means
2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) = test the difference between more
than 2 means
3. Chi-squared test = tests the difference in proportions in categories
within a contingency table
4. Correlation coefficients (aka Pearson's R) = designates the
magnitude and direction of the relationship between 2 interval or 2 ratio
level variables
- 1 = strong positive relationship
- negative 1 = strong negative relationship
- 0 = no relationship
5. Effect size indexes = important concept in power analysis
What is a type 2 error? - Correct Answer-Accepting the null hypothesis
when it is false
- aka a false negative conclusion
- Subgroup analyses address the risk of both type 1 and type 2 errors
Why is research important to nursing? - Correct Answer-1. validates
knowledge
, 2. Refines knowledge
3. Generates new knowledge
What is the baccalaureate prepared registered nurse function? - Correct
Answer-Research function = locate and critically appraise studies,
evidence- based guidelines, protocols, and policies with assistance.
- Use best research evidence in practice with guidance, assist with
problem identification, and data collection
What is the DNP research function? - Correct Answer-Critically appraise
studies and develop and refine protocols and policies for practice.
- Participate in evidence-based guidelines development
- Implement, evaluate, and revise as needed: protocols, policies, and
evidenced-based guidelines into practice
What is qual convenience sampling? - Correct Answer-Think volunteer
- Volunteer samples come forward and identify themselves
- Efficient, economical, and convenient
- Not preferred because it could be biased
What is cross-sectional design? - Correct Answer-Data collected at one
point in time
- Typically seen with retrospective (now) studies
- Used to collect time related data, but it is less persuasive than
longitudinal studies
- Economical - poses problems for interfering changes over time
because it's just looking at now
