Kuby Immunology Covid-19 Digital Update 8th Edition By Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford, Patricia Jones, Judy Owen (Test Bank Latest Edition 2023-24, Grade A+, 100% Verified)

TEST BANK for Kuby Immunology with Covid-19 & Digital
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Update, 8th Edition by Sharon Stranford; Judy Owen; Jenni
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Punt; Patricia Jones nn nn nn




Preparation|
All Figures Included| A+ PASS GUARANTEED
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, Chapter01 g




1. Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the
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instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be
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CORRECT?
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CORRECTANSWER:Theselectivetheorysaysthat,whenanantigenreceptorbindswithanantigen,the cell
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becomes activated(orthe cellisselected to proliferateandsecrete more copiesofthereceptor). The instructional
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theory says that the antigen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory was shown to be correct.
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2. Often,serendipityplaysarolein significantscientificdiscoveries.Inyourownwords,explainhow
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serendipity led Pasteur to discover a cholera vaccine.
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CORRECT ANSWER: Pasteur developed the vaccine in chickens, which were in short supply. He challenged
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groups of chickens with cholera bacteria—some of which were previously exposed to an attenuatedversionof
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cholerabacteria.Onlythepreviouslyexposedanimalswereprotectedfromanew challenge, which led to the use
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of weakened pathogens as vaccines.
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3. Despiteitshavingbeeneradicatedonaglobalscale,smallpoxispresentlyconsidered apotential
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bioterrorism threat. Why? Use evidence to support your answer.
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CORRECT ANSWER: After eradication was achieved, smallpox vaccination programs largely ended. As
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populations continued to grow over time, an ever-increasing percentage of the human population remains
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unvaccinated and thus, is still susceptible to the disease.
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4. Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence
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ofautism.Iftheclaimsweretrue,whatresultanttrendmightyou expecttoobserveintherate of autism once
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thimerosal was removed from vaccines?
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CORRECT ANSWER: One would reasonablyexpecta decrease in the rate of autism. However, cases of autism
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continued to rise after thimerosal was removed from vaccines in 2001.
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5. Giventhediscoveryand developmentofeffectiveantibiotics,makeanargument forthecontinued use of
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vaccines against bacterial pathogens. Use evidence to support your answer.
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CORRECT ANSWER: Antibiotics are used for treatment of disease, not typically for prevention. Antibiotic
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treatment isnotfoolproof(considering therisingincidenceofantibioticresistance).Vaccines area
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preventativemeasure,andpreventionisthegoldstandardforinfectiousdiseasecontrolmeasures.
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,6. You have a friend unfamiliar with immunology, and he asks you the following question: "Why do I needthe
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flushoteveryyear,butdon'tneedan annualchickenpox vaccine?"Asastudentofimmunology, how would you
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explain this discrepancy to your friend? Use evidence to support your answer.
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CORRECT ANSWER:Thevirusthat causes thefluchangeseveryyear -asaresult,anewfluvaccine must be
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prepared eachyear basedonapredicationofthemost commonformsoftheviruslikelytobe encountered.
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Vaccines arespecificinthetypeof pathogen against whichthey protect,and protection against one type does
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not guarantee protection against pathogens that are closely-related.
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7. Provideonebenefitandonedrawbackofgeneratingrandom recognitionreceptorsduringthe
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development of B cells.
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CORRECTANSWER:Abenefitishavingthecapacitytorecognizeand respondtodiversepathogensas they
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evolve. A drawback is that some recognition receptors could potentially recognize and target host antigens.
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8. Aportionofourimmunesystems'whitebloodcellsisconstantlycirculatingthroughoutthebodyvia
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circulation and lymphatics. What is the benefit of such circulation?
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CORRECT ANSWER: The circulation of the white blood cells allows for a more comprehensive surveillanceof
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thebodyforthepresenceofpotentialpathogens.Asignificantportionofthehumanbodyis constantly exposed to
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potential microbial pathogens.
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9. Completethefollowingtablebycomparingandcontrastinginnateandadaptiveimmuneresponses. g g g g g g g g g g g g




Innate Immunity g AdaptiveImmunity

gIs mediated by what cells?
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Whatdotheyrecognize? g g g




Howarethereceptorsencoded?
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Whycan'ttheycontrolallinfectionsalone? What do g g g g g g




g they do in response to antigen?
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, CORRECTANSWER:
Adaptive
Innate Immunity
Immunit
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y
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Macrophages, NK
Is mediatedby Tcells and B
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cells, neutrophils,
whatcells? cells
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mastcellseosinophils
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What do they nn n Specific
Pathogen patterns
recognize? epitope
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s
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Howarethe
Rearranged
receptors Germ line
genesegments
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encoded? g




Whycan'tthey
Pathogensevolve Takestoo long
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control all
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escape mechanisms to develop
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infections g




alone? g


Produce
Engulfanddestroy,
What dotheydo antibodies,kill
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induce inflammation
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in response to
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antigen? g




10. Whatarethehallmarksofinflammation?Describe thephysicalcharacteristicsofsomeone
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experiencing an inflammatory response.
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CORRECT ANSWER: Redness, swelling, heat, pain. Someone experiencinginflammation might have
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localizedswellingandrednessoritchingormaybeexperiencingfaintnessduetoaloweringofblood pressure
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if more severe.
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11. Uponreceivingimmuneserumasatreatmentforavenomoussnakebite,wouldtherecipientbe
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immune from future bites of the same species?
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CORRECT ANSWER: In the short-term, probably, as the serum contains protective antibodies against the
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venom. In the long-term, no, as serum treatment is a form of passive immunity. Passive immunity does not
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generate long-lived memory cells.
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12. Provideonecommonfeature ofandtwodifferencesbetween B-cellreceptorsand PRRs.
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CORRECT ANSWER: A common feature is that they both are used to recognize foreign antigens. A B- cell
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receptor is more selective than a PRR. The DNA that encodes for a PRR in an individual is inherited. The DNA
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that encodes for a mature B-cell receptor from an individual is not passed on to offspring.
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