Portage Learning Pathophysiology
NURS 231 BIOD 331 Final Exam &
Module 1-10 Exams All Versions
Latest Update A Grade
Your patient has fine crackles in bilateral lung bases; CVP = 8 mmHg (CVP
yesterday was 5mmHg); IV of D5%/0.25 NS @ 75 mL/hr; urine output over last
10 hours =230 ml. Does the data in this case point to FVD (Fluid volume deficit)
or FVE (Fluid volume excess)?
a) fluid volume excess
b) fluid volume deficit
c) neither fluid volume excess or deficit - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- a) fluid
volume excess
The patient had a troponin level drawn 8 hours after the onset of chest pain and the
level is elevated. The nurse correctly interprets this data to mean which of the
following?
a) The patient will need to have a 12-lead ECG to confirm the presence of cardiac
damage.
b) The lab result is only significant if the patient's myoglobin is also elevated.
c) The patient has sustained injury to the cardiac muscle.
d) This lab test will have to be repeated to know if it is significant or not. -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- c) The patient has sustained injury to the cardiac
muscle
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,*Elevated troponin levels are diagnostic for cardiac muscle damage.
The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient with stable angina who has a new
prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin to be used as needed. Which of the
following should be included in the discharge teaching plan? (Select all that apply)
a) Monitor expiration dates on the bottle and replace the nitroglycerin before it
expires.
b) Swallow the tablet with a small sip of water.
c) If chest pain is not relieved after one dose, repeat a dose every 5 minutes for a
total of 3 doses.
d) Lie down when taking sublingual nitroglycerin.
e) Call 911 if chest pain is not relieved after first dose. - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔- a) Monitor expiration dates on the bottle and replace the nitroglycerin before
it expires.
c) If chest pain is not relieved after one dose, repeat a dose every 5 minutes for a
total of 3 doses.
d) Lie down when taking sublingual nitroglycerin.
e) Call 911 if chest pain is not relieved after first dose.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pericarditis who is experiencing
cardiac tamponade. For which intervention should the nurse prepare?
a) Auscultate heart and lung sounds
b) STAT cardiac enzymes
c) Pericardiocentesis
d) 12-lead electrocardiogram - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- c) Pericardiocentesis
*No more assessment is needed for this life-threatening condition.
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,The patient was just given the first dose of nitroglycerin paste and complains of a
headache. What is your most appropriate action?
a) Administer oxygen until the headache subsides.
b) Administer acetaminophen as ordered.
c) Document the finding as your only action.
d) Remove the topical paste immediately. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- b)
Administer acetaminophen as ordered.
*Headache is an expected side effect of nitrates. It tends to lessen with time.
Use mild analgesics if needed.
The benefits of the nitrates outweigh the negative side effect.
The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) tells the nurse the patient has a blood
pressure of 78/46 and a pulse of 116 using a vital signs machine. Which action
should the nurse implement first?
a) Notify the physician immediately.
b) Assess the patient's cardiovascular status.
c) Place the patient in Trendelenburg position.
d) Have the UAP re-check the patient's vital signs manually.
*After determining a shock state exists by performing a cardiovascular assessment.
- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- b) Assess the patient's cardiovascular status
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, Your patient is a 37 year old unconscious female in the ICU with a fever, coarse
scattered lung crackles and orders for 1200 mL tube feeding q 24 hours. Does the
data in this case point to FVD (Fluid volume deficit) or FVE (Fluid volume
excess)?
a) fluid volume deficit
b) neither fluid volume deficit or excess.
c) fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- a) fluid volume deficit
*Unconscious--can not respond to thirst mechanism. Fever--risk factor for
dehydration. Evidence of lung infection—risk factor for dehydration.
1200mL/24 hours--not enough fluid intake
A nurse is administering intravenous dopamine [Intropin] to a patient in the
intensive care unit. Which assessment finding would cause the most concern?
a) Increased urine output
b) Headache
c) Edema at IV insertion site
d) Blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- c) Edema at IV
insertion site
*The nurse would be concerned if the patient's peripheral IV were edematous,
because this could signal infiltration of the solution into the tissues. Dopamine
can cause necrosis if it extravasates. Dopamine is indicated to increase the
patient's blood pressure; this blood pressure reading is acceptable. When
dopamine is effective at increasing cardiac output, it also causes an increase in
urine output. Headache is not a contraindication to the use of dopamine.
The nurse is caring for a patient who had an emergency appendectomy after
appendix rupture. The morning lab results (blood) include:
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NURS 231 BIOD 331 Final Exam &
Module 1-10 Exams All Versions
Latest Update A Grade
Your patient has fine crackles in bilateral lung bases; CVP = 8 mmHg (CVP
yesterday was 5mmHg); IV of D5%/0.25 NS @ 75 mL/hr; urine output over last
10 hours =230 ml. Does the data in this case point to FVD (Fluid volume deficit)
or FVE (Fluid volume excess)?
a) fluid volume excess
b) fluid volume deficit
c) neither fluid volume excess or deficit - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- a) fluid
volume excess
The patient had a troponin level drawn 8 hours after the onset of chest pain and the
level is elevated. The nurse correctly interprets this data to mean which of the
following?
a) The patient will need to have a 12-lead ECG to confirm the presence of cardiac
damage.
b) The lab result is only significant if the patient's myoglobin is also elevated.
c) The patient has sustained injury to the cardiac muscle.
d) This lab test will have to be repeated to know if it is significant or not. -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- c) The patient has sustained injury to the cardiac
muscle
1|Page
,*Elevated troponin levels are diagnostic for cardiac muscle damage.
The nurse is preparing to discharge a patient with stable angina who has a new
prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin to be used as needed. Which of the
following should be included in the discharge teaching plan? (Select all that apply)
a) Monitor expiration dates on the bottle and replace the nitroglycerin before it
expires.
b) Swallow the tablet with a small sip of water.
c) If chest pain is not relieved after one dose, repeat a dose every 5 minutes for a
total of 3 doses.
d) Lie down when taking sublingual nitroglycerin.
e) Call 911 if chest pain is not relieved after first dose. - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔- a) Monitor expiration dates on the bottle and replace the nitroglycerin before
it expires.
c) If chest pain is not relieved after one dose, repeat a dose every 5 minutes for a
total of 3 doses.
d) Lie down when taking sublingual nitroglycerin.
e) Call 911 if chest pain is not relieved after first dose.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pericarditis who is experiencing
cardiac tamponade. For which intervention should the nurse prepare?
a) Auscultate heart and lung sounds
b) STAT cardiac enzymes
c) Pericardiocentesis
d) 12-lead electrocardiogram - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- c) Pericardiocentesis
*No more assessment is needed for this life-threatening condition.
2|Page
,The patient was just given the first dose of nitroglycerin paste and complains of a
headache. What is your most appropriate action?
a) Administer oxygen until the headache subsides.
b) Administer acetaminophen as ordered.
c) Document the finding as your only action.
d) Remove the topical paste immediately. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- b)
Administer acetaminophen as ordered.
*Headache is an expected side effect of nitrates. It tends to lessen with time.
Use mild analgesics if needed.
The benefits of the nitrates outweigh the negative side effect.
The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) tells the nurse the patient has a blood
pressure of 78/46 and a pulse of 116 using a vital signs machine. Which action
should the nurse implement first?
a) Notify the physician immediately.
b) Assess the patient's cardiovascular status.
c) Place the patient in Trendelenburg position.
d) Have the UAP re-check the patient's vital signs manually.
*After determining a shock state exists by performing a cardiovascular assessment.
- CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- b) Assess the patient's cardiovascular status
3|Page
, Your patient is a 37 year old unconscious female in the ICU with a fever, coarse
scattered lung crackles and orders for 1200 mL tube feeding q 24 hours. Does the
data in this case point to FVD (Fluid volume deficit) or FVE (Fluid volume
excess)?
a) fluid volume deficit
b) neither fluid volume deficit or excess.
c) fluid volume excess - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- a) fluid volume deficit
*Unconscious--can not respond to thirst mechanism. Fever--risk factor for
dehydration. Evidence of lung infection—risk factor for dehydration.
1200mL/24 hours--not enough fluid intake
A nurse is administering intravenous dopamine [Intropin] to a patient in the
intensive care unit. Which assessment finding would cause the most concern?
a) Increased urine output
b) Headache
c) Edema at IV insertion site
d) Blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- c) Edema at IV
insertion site
*The nurse would be concerned if the patient's peripheral IV were edematous,
because this could signal infiltration of the solution into the tissues. Dopamine
can cause necrosis if it extravasates. Dopamine is indicated to increase the
patient's blood pressure; this blood pressure reading is acceptable. When
dopamine is effective at increasing cardiac output, it also causes an increase in
urine output. Headache is not a contraindication to the use of dopamine.
The nurse is caring for a patient who had an emergency appendectomy after
appendix rupture. The morning lab results (blood) include:
4|Page
