NREMT; Airway, Respiration and Ventilation Exam
Questions and Answers
Which of the following would not be a sign of poor perfusion? - -Erythema
-Air that is exhaled contains approximately ________. Air that is inhaled contains
approximately ____________ - -16% oxygen / 21% oxygen
-Describe what cheyne-stokes respirations are and what type of patients will present with
them? - -A breathing pattern with periods of rapid and slow respirations alternating with
periods of apnea. Often associated with pts who have head injuries.
-When assisting a patient with ventilation, there are five steps that need to be followed.
Which is the second step in the process? - -Place the mask over the patient's nose and
mouth
-You are preparing to suction secretions from your patient's airway, when would you
engage the suction action in the catheter? - -While suctioning secretions and withdrawing
the catheter
-Nitroglycerin is used to _________. - -Dilate the vessels
-Which best describes oxygenation? - -It is the process of loading oxygen molecules onto
hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream and is required for internal respiration.
-You and your partner Tom arrive on scene of a gang shooting where the police have
secured the area. There are two patients in their teens with multiple gunshot wounds to
the arms, legs, and chest. You would immediately? - -Apply 3-sided dressing to the chest
wounds and assess breathing while your partner treats the other patient
-Dispatch reports a jet ski collision on a local lake. The reporting party says that the two
guys are in the water floating face down and one of their buddies just jumped off the boat
to help them. When you arrive on scene the boat has just brought the two unconscious men
to shore and CPR and rescue breathing are in progress. The first man has a pulse but is not
breathing. The second man does not have a pulse and is apneic. What ventilation rate will
you use for the first man? What about the second man? - -10-12 ventilations per minute for
the first man and 6 ventilations per minute and 100 compressions for the second man
-You have been called to a home where a 1-year-old girl is in respiratory distress, possible
apnea. The caregiver called 911 after finding the girl on the floor in front of the T.V. She
does not know if the child is breathing or not. Which of the following choices below
contains the most accurate facts related to this call? - -Children have a large tongue that
takes up more of the oropharynx and can cause an airway obstruction. Proper
administration of CPR should include about an inch of padding under the child's shoulders.
, -Your patient has distended neck veins, you suspect they may have ___________. - -A chest
injury
-An adult with a respiration rate of ______per minute would be considered within normal
limits. A child aged 3-5 with a respiration rate of_______per minute would be considered
within normal limits and an infant who is breathing at________per minute would be
considered within normal limits. - -16, 25, 40
-All the following conditions can adversely affect respiration at the cellular level except: - -
Diaphoresis
Rationale: Conditions that can adversely affect respiration at the cellular level include:
Hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and Infection. Diaphoresis or sweating and doesn't influence
cellular respiration.
-During one person CPR you can assess ventilations by watching what? - -Bilateral rise
and fall of the chest
-You arrive on scene to find an 11-year-old girl who was struck by a truck while riding her
bike. She is unresponsive to painful stimuli and has a large abrasion on her left side. She is
breathing at 24 respirations per minute and regular. Your next course of action would be? -
-C-spine precautions and Administer high flow O2 with an NRB
-All of the following can have a profound effect on normal ventilation except: - -
Vasoconstriction
-The pediatric assessment triangle is composed of three elements: - -Circulation,
Appearance, Work of Breathing
-It's 20 degrees outside and your unit has been called to an apartment complex where a
man is having trouble breathing. You arrive to find the man sitting in a tripod position on a
bench. He has a portable O2 tank and is receiving oxygen via a nasal cannula at 3 LPM. Your
initial assessment reveals that his breathing is rapid with minimal chest rise and fall.
Respiration rate is 20 breaths per minute and his pulse is 130. In a hoarse voice the man
tells you he has a history of COPD and is on a new medication which he is unable to name.
He denies any chest pain, but says he is getting a headache. Which of the following
scenarios is most likely the cause for this man's breathing difficulties and how would you
treat him? - -He is having an allergic reaction to the new COPD medication. Move him to
the ambulance and administer high flow 02 via NRB
-Your patient is apneic and you are assisting ventilations with a BVM. Ventilations are
difficult as a result of the patient's tongue blocking the airway and you move to insert an
oropharyngeal. What must you do to insert it properly? - -Measure the OPA from the
corner of the mouth to the earlobe
, -Which of the following choices would be included in the lower airway? - -Trachea -
bronchial tree - alveoli
-You and your partner Ramone have arrived at the scene of a house fire where 3 victims
were pulled a safe distance from the home and are being attended by Emergency Medical
Responders. Your initial impression is of two women and a child lying unconscious on the
ground. None appears to have been burned and their clothing is intact. None of the patients
are breathing, but the second woman and the child do have a palpable pulse. At what rate
would each of these patients be ventilated? - -Woman one would get 12 breaths over 2
minutes. Woman two would get 20 to 24 breaths over 2 minutes and the child would get 24
to 40 breaths over 2 minutes
-When assisting a patient with ventilation, there are five steps that need to be followed.
Which is the first step in the process? - -Explain the procedure to the patient
-The airway of an adult and a child are anatomically the same - -true
-The right side of the heart ________________________ and ________________________. - -receives
systemic circulation, drives pulmonary circulation
-The left side of the heart ________________________ and ________________________. - -receives
pulmonary circulation, drives systemic circulation
-Dispatch has reported a near drowning incident at a lake. It is a hot summer day and the
family was out boating on the lake when the boat sank. Everyone in the family was rescued
after about 30 minutes. The only patient is a 4-year-old boy. He was pulled from the water
with a weak pulse, and he was not shivering like the rest of the family. His mother says that
he is normally very talkative, but he has not spoken since the boat sank. What is the likely
cause of this child's condition? What are your treatment priorities? - -Because the child has
been in lake water for 30 minutes and is not shivering, he is most likely suffering from
hypothermia. Treatment interventions would begin with oxygen and warming
-Which of the following choices are considered parts of the upper respiratory system? - -
Mouth, nasal cavity, and larynx
-Gastric distention may interfere with ventilations while in the field and can cause? - -
Decreased lung expansion
Gastric rupture
Increased resistance to BVM ventilation
-As an assessment tool, what is pulse oximetry least useful for? - -Assessing hypovolemia
-____________________ and _________________________ are appropriate methods to remove foreign
bodies or substances from the mouth and maintain airway patency in a responsive patient
who's able to speak - -FInger sweep and suction
Questions and Answers
Which of the following would not be a sign of poor perfusion? - -Erythema
-Air that is exhaled contains approximately ________. Air that is inhaled contains
approximately ____________ - -16% oxygen / 21% oxygen
-Describe what cheyne-stokes respirations are and what type of patients will present with
them? - -A breathing pattern with periods of rapid and slow respirations alternating with
periods of apnea. Often associated with pts who have head injuries.
-When assisting a patient with ventilation, there are five steps that need to be followed.
Which is the second step in the process? - -Place the mask over the patient's nose and
mouth
-You are preparing to suction secretions from your patient's airway, when would you
engage the suction action in the catheter? - -While suctioning secretions and withdrawing
the catheter
-Nitroglycerin is used to _________. - -Dilate the vessels
-Which best describes oxygenation? - -It is the process of loading oxygen molecules onto
hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream and is required for internal respiration.
-You and your partner Tom arrive on scene of a gang shooting where the police have
secured the area. There are two patients in their teens with multiple gunshot wounds to
the arms, legs, and chest. You would immediately? - -Apply 3-sided dressing to the chest
wounds and assess breathing while your partner treats the other patient
-Dispatch reports a jet ski collision on a local lake. The reporting party says that the two
guys are in the water floating face down and one of their buddies just jumped off the boat
to help them. When you arrive on scene the boat has just brought the two unconscious men
to shore and CPR and rescue breathing are in progress. The first man has a pulse but is not
breathing. The second man does not have a pulse and is apneic. What ventilation rate will
you use for the first man? What about the second man? - -10-12 ventilations per minute for
the first man and 6 ventilations per minute and 100 compressions for the second man
-You have been called to a home where a 1-year-old girl is in respiratory distress, possible
apnea. The caregiver called 911 after finding the girl on the floor in front of the T.V. She
does not know if the child is breathing or not. Which of the following choices below
contains the most accurate facts related to this call? - -Children have a large tongue that
takes up more of the oropharynx and can cause an airway obstruction. Proper
administration of CPR should include about an inch of padding under the child's shoulders.
, -Your patient has distended neck veins, you suspect they may have ___________. - -A chest
injury
-An adult with a respiration rate of ______per minute would be considered within normal
limits. A child aged 3-5 with a respiration rate of_______per minute would be considered
within normal limits and an infant who is breathing at________per minute would be
considered within normal limits. - -16, 25, 40
-All the following conditions can adversely affect respiration at the cellular level except: - -
Diaphoresis
Rationale: Conditions that can adversely affect respiration at the cellular level include:
Hypoxia, hypoglycemia, and Infection. Diaphoresis or sweating and doesn't influence
cellular respiration.
-During one person CPR you can assess ventilations by watching what? - -Bilateral rise
and fall of the chest
-You arrive on scene to find an 11-year-old girl who was struck by a truck while riding her
bike. She is unresponsive to painful stimuli and has a large abrasion on her left side. She is
breathing at 24 respirations per minute and regular. Your next course of action would be? -
-C-spine precautions and Administer high flow O2 with an NRB
-All of the following can have a profound effect on normal ventilation except: - -
Vasoconstriction
-The pediatric assessment triangle is composed of three elements: - -Circulation,
Appearance, Work of Breathing
-It's 20 degrees outside and your unit has been called to an apartment complex where a
man is having trouble breathing. You arrive to find the man sitting in a tripod position on a
bench. He has a portable O2 tank and is receiving oxygen via a nasal cannula at 3 LPM. Your
initial assessment reveals that his breathing is rapid with minimal chest rise and fall.
Respiration rate is 20 breaths per minute and his pulse is 130. In a hoarse voice the man
tells you he has a history of COPD and is on a new medication which he is unable to name.
He denies any chest pain, but says he is getting a headache. Which of the following
scenarios is most likely the cause for this man's breathing difficulties and how would you
treat him? - -He is having an allergic reaction to the new COPD medication. Move him to
the ambulance and administer high flow 02 via NRB
-Your patient is apneic and you are assisting ventilations with a BVM. Ventilations are
difficult as a result of the patient's tongue blocking the airway and you move to insert an
oropharyngeal. What must you do to insert it properly? - -Measure the OPA from the
corner of the mouth to the earlobe
, -Which of the following choices would be included in the lower airway? - -Trachea -
bronchial tree - alveoli
-You and your partner Ramone have arrived at the scene of a house fire where 3 victims
were pulled a safe distance from the home and are being attended by Emergency Medical
Responders. Your initial impression is of two women and a child lying unconscious on the
ground. None appears to have been burned and their clothing is intact. None of the patients
are breathing, but the second woman and the child do have a palpable pulse. At what rate
would each of these patients be ventilated? - -Woman one would get 12 breaths over 2
minutes. Woman two would get 20 to 24 breaths over 2 minutes and the child would get 24
to 40 breaths over 2 minutes
-When assisting a patient with ventilation, there are five steps that need to be followed.
Which is the first step in the process? - -Explain the procedure to the patient
-The airway of an adult and a child are anatomically the same - -true
-The right side of the heart ________________________ and ________________________. - -receives
systemic circulation, drives pulmonary circulation
-The left side of the heart ________________________ and ________________________. - -receives
pulmonary circulation, drives systemic circulation
-Dispatch has reported a near drowning incident at a lake. It is a hot summer day and the
family was out boating on the lake when the boat sank. Everyone in the family was rescued
after about 30 minutes. The only patient is a 4-year-old boy. He was pulled from the water
with a weak pulse, and he was not shivering like the rest of the family. His mother says that
he is normally very talkative, but he has not spoken since the boat sank. What is the likely
cause of this child's condition? What are your treatment priorities? - -Because the child has
been in lake water for 30 minutes and is not shivering, he is most likely suffering from
hypothermia. Treatment interventions would begin with oxygen and warming
-Which of the following choices are considered parts of the upper respiratory system? - -
Mouth, nasal cavity, and larynx
-Gastric distention may interfere with ventilations while in the field and can cause? - -
Decreased lung expansion
Gastric rupture
Increased resistance to BVM ventilation
-As an assessment tool, what is pulse oximetry least useful for? - -Assessing hypovolemia
-____________________ and _________________________ are appropriate methods to remove foreign
bodies or substances from the mouth and maintain airway patency in a responsive patient
who's able to speak - -FInger sweep and suction
