Certified CITP Exam 2 Study & Practice Kit
Recognize when the fourth amendment applies to government actions - ANSWER: 1. Whether the government
knows or acquiesce in the private actor's conduct
2. whether the private party intents to assist law enforcement officers at the time of the search
3. whether the government affirmatively encourages, initiates, or participates in the private action
Identify situations when a reasonable expectation of privacy exists - ANSWER: >The individual must have
exhibited an actual expectation of privacy
>The expectation must be one the society (as determined by the Supreme Court) is prepared to recognize as
reasonable
Common search areas without REP - ANSWER: the body (except inside the body)
passengers do not have REP but their stuff does
Open Fields even if there are 'no trespassing signs'
Government workplaces - REP could exist depending on prior notice (computer banners of limited or no REP),
common practices, openness and accessibility of the area, whether the position of the employee requires special
trust and confidence, whether the employee waived REP through bargaining process
>Abandoned Property
Methods and Devices for searches - ANSWER: >Canine Sniffs - luggage in a public space has no REP
>Sensory Enhancements - use of lights at night does not create a 'search' if otherwise visible in daylight;
thermal imaging would be considered a search
>Aircraft Overflights - what is visible to the naked eye does not have REP
>Cell Site Location Information - conversations do not have REP when using naked ears
Identify actions that may be taken when reasonable suspicion exists - ANSWER: 1. a consensual encounter
2. Investigative detention
3. Terry Frisk
a consensual encounter - ANSWER: a hunch or mere suspicion (not a seizure)
brief voluntary encounter between a law enforcement officer and an individual
an officer may ask questions even incriminating ones
the officer may request (not demand) to see ID
,the officer may ID him/herself and display credentials
the officer may seek consent for a search or frisk
investigative detentions - ANSWER: Reasonable suspicion criminal activity is afoot
1. reasonable suspicion - could be collective knowledge from other LEOs; personal observations; quality or
quantity of a tip
2. criminal activity is afoot - crime is about to be/has been/is being committed
whats a terry frisk - ANSWER: RSPAAD
detention
the officer must reasonably suspect that the person is presently armed and dangerous
plain touch doctrine to seize evidence - discovery must be lawful; item must be immediately apparent to the
officer without manipulation
frisks of vehicles can be unlocked containers/entire passenger compartment cannot frisk the trunk
arrest can happen if - ANSWER: PC exists
radicalization - ANSWER: process by which individuals come to believe that their engagement in or facilitation
extremist movement - ANSWER: consists of individuals working together to advance their shared political,
social, or artistic ideas/following an extremist ideology without an organization
Violent Extremists - ANSWER: individuals mobilized to plan, support, and conduct violent illegal behavior in
furtherance of their extremist ideology
Domestic Violent Extremist - ANSWER: AKA Domestic Terrorist
A U.S.based individual, who has radicalized to a domestic extremist belief in the U.S., whether a follower or
member of a movement or group without inspiration, influence, or direction from any FTO, and who has
"mobilized" by planning and preparing to support or conduct violent illegal behavior in furtherance of their
extremist ideology
Homegrown violent extremist - ANSWER: a person of an citizenship who lives or operates primarily in the US
or its territories
, who: advocates, engages in, or is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities in furtherance of a foreign
terrorist organization's objectives; who is acting independently of foreign terrorist direction.
HVE Foreign Fighter - ANSWER: a person of any citizenship who lives or operates primarily in the US or its
territories who advocates and is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities in furtherance of a foreign
terrorist orgs
Lone Offender - ANSWER: An individual motivated by one or more extremist ideologies, who operates alone
to support or engaged in acts of unlawful violence in furtherance of that ideology or ideologies
Anti-Terrorism - ANSWER: Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals
Counterterrorism - ANSWER: Direct actions taken against terrorist networks and indirect actions to influence
and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks
Indicators - ANSWER: generally defined and observable actions that based on analysis of past known behaviors
and characteristics, collectively suggest that a person may be committing may be preparing to commit or has
committed an unlawful act
Potential Targets of Terrorism - ANSWER: large concentration of people
military personnel/facilities; diplomatic offices; religious figures; intermodal; critical infrastructure; educational
institutions; government offices
Potential Weapons of Violent Extremists and Terrorists - ANSWER: incendiary; explosives; firearms; WMD;
vehicles; UAS
Sovereign Citizen Extremism - ANSWER: Groups or individual(s) who facilitate or engage in acts of unlawful
violence directed at public officials, financial institutions, and government facilities in support of their belief
that the legitimacy of US citizenship should be rejected; almost all forms of established government, authority,
and institutions are illegitimate; and that they are immune from federal, state, and local laws.
Terrorism - ANSWER: activity that involves a violent act or an act dangerous to human life, property, or
infrastructure; and appears to be intended: a) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; b) to influence the
policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or c) to affect the conduct of a government by mass
destruction, assassination, kidnapping, or hostagetaking.
Recognize when the fourth amendment applies to government actions - ANSWER: 1. Whether the government
knows or acquiesce in the private actor's conduct
2. whether the private party intents to assist law enforcement officers at the time of the search
3. whether the government affirmatively encourages, initiates, or participates in the private action
Identify situations when a reasonable expectation of privacy exists - ANSWER: >The individual must have
exhibited an actual expectation of privacy
>The expectation must be one the society (as determined by the Supreme Court) is prepared to recognize as
reasonable
Common search areas without REP - ANSWER: the body (except inside the body)
passengers do not have REP but their stuff does
Open Fields even if there are 'no trespassing signs'
Government workplaces - REP could exist depending on prior notice (computer banners of limited or no REP),
common practices, openness and accessibility of the area, whether the position of the employee requires special
trust and confidence, whether the employee waived REP through bargaining process
>Abandoned Property
Methods and Devices for searches - ANSWER: >Canine Sniffs - luggage in a public space has no REP
>Sensory Enhancements - use of lights at night does not create a 'search' if otherwise visible in daylight;
thermal imaging would be considered a search
>Aircraft Overflights - what is visible to the naked eye does not have REP
>Cell Site Location Information - conversations do not have REP when using naked ears
Identify actions that may be taken when reasonable suspicion exists - ANSWER: 1. a consensual encounter
2. Investigative detention
3. Terry Frisk
a consensual encounter - ANSWER: a hunch or mere suspicion (not a seizure)
brief voluntary encounter between a law enforcement officer and an individual
an officer may ask questions even incriminating ones
the officer may request (not demand) to see ID
,the officer may ID him/herself and display credentials
the officer may seek consent for a search or frisk
investigative detentions - ANSWER: Reasonable suspicion criminal activity is afoot
1. reasonable suspicion - could be collective knowledge from other LEOs; personal observations; quality or
quantity of a tip
2. criminal activity is afoot - crime is about to be/has been/is being committed
whats a terry frisk - ANSWER: RSPAAD
detention
the officer must reasonably suspect that the person is presently armed and dangerous
plain touch doctrine to seize evidence - discovery must be lawful; item must be immediately apparent to the
officer without manipulation
frisks of vehicles can be unlocked containers/entire passenger compartment cannot frisk the trunk
arrest can happen if - ANSWER: PC exists
radicalization - ANSWER: process by which individuals come to believe that their engagement in or facilitation
extremist movement - ANSWER: consists of individuals working together to advance their shared political,
social, or artistic ideas/following an extremist ideology without an organization
Violent Extremists - ANSWER: individuals mobilized to plan, support, and conduct violent illegal behavior in
furtherance of their extremist ideology
Domestic Violent Extremist - ANSWER: AKA Domestic Terrorist
A U.S.based individual, who has radicalized to a domestic extremist belief in the U.S., whether a follower or
member of a movement or group without inspiration, influence, or direction from any FTO, and who has
"mobilized" by planning and preparing to support or conduct violent illegal behavior in furtherance of their
extremist ideology
Homegrown violent extremist - ANSWER: a person of an citizenship who lives or operates primarily in the US
or its territories
, who: advocates, engages in, or is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities in furtherance of a foreign
terrorist organization's objectives; who is acting independently of foreign terrorist direction.
HVE Foreign Fighter - ANSWER: a person of any citizenship who lives or operates primarily in the US or its
territories who advocates and is preparing to engage in or support terrorist activities in furtherance of a foreign
terrorist orgs
Lone Offender - ANSWER: An individual motivated by one or more extremist ideologies, who operates alone
to support or engaged in acts of unlawful violence in furtherance of that ideology or ideologies
Anti-Terrorism - ANSWER: Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals
Counterterrorism - ANSWER: Direct actions taken against terrorist networks and indirect actions to influence
and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks
Indicators - ANSWER: generally defined and observable actions that based on analysis of past known behaviors
and characteristics, collectively suggest that a person may be committing may be preparing to commit or has
committed an unlawful act
Potential Targets of Terrorism - ANSWER: large concentration of people
military personnel/facilities; diplomatic offices; religious figures; intermodal; critical infrastructure; educational
institutions; government offices
Potential Weapons of Violent Extremists and Terrorists - ANSWER: incendiary; explosives; firearms; WMD;
vehicles; UAS
Sovereign Citizen Extremism - ANSWER: Groups or individual(s) who facilitate or engage in acts of unlawful
violence directed at public officials, financial institutions, and government facilities in support of their belief
that the legitimacy of US citizenship should be rejected; almost all forms of established government, authority,
and institutions are illegitimate; and that they are immune from federal, state, and local laws.
Terrorism - ANSWER: activity that involves a violent act or an act dangerous to human life, property, or
infrastructure; and appears to be intended: a) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; b) to influence the
policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or c) to affect the conduct of a government by mass
destruction, assassination, kidnapping, or hostagetaking.
