WGU D236 Objective Assessment Pathophysiology
Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual
Emended Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers & Rationale
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. What is the primary determinant of oncotic pressure?
A) Sodium
B) Albumin
C) Potassium
D) Glucose
Answer: B) Albumin
2. Which of the following best describes oncotic pressure?
A) Hydrostatic pressure exerted by water
B) Osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins
C) Pressure exerted by red blood cells
D) Blood pressure in the capillaries
Answer: B) Osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins
3. What is the key difference between adult and child immunity?
A) Adults have fewer white blood cells
B) Children have more memory T cells
C) Adults have a mature population of memory T cells, while children have more
naive T cells
,D) Children produce less albumin
Answer: C) Adults have a mature population of memory T cells, while children
have more naive T cells
4. Fluid and electrolyte balance is primarily regulated by:
A) Red blood cells and platelets
B) Osmoreceptors affecting thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS
C) The liver and pancreas
D) Muscle activity and oxygen consumption
Answer: B) Osmoreceptors affecting thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS
5. Which of the following is a cause of dehydration?
A) Excessive fluid intake
B) Excessive fluid loss
C) High albumin levels
D) Low sodium intake only
Answer: B) Excessive fluid loss
6. Which combination represents the most common causes of dehydration?
A) Inadequate intake only
B) Excessive sweating only
C) Excessive loss and inadequate intake
D) Increased albumin and increased potassium
Answer: C) Excessive loss and inadequate intake
7. Which sign is NOT typically associated with dehydration?
A) Dry mucous membranes
B) Decreased skin turgor
,C) Elevated urine output
D) Low blood pressure
Answer: C) Elevated urine output
8. A patient with a viral illness presents with severe vomiting. Lab results: CO₂ =
48 mmHg, pH = 7.53. What is the most likely acid-base imbalance?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory alkalosis
C) Metabolic alkalosis
D) Respiratory acidosis
Answer: C) Metabolic alkalosis
9. Which of the following reflects a normal CO₂ range?
A) 20–30 mmHg
B) 35–45 mmHg
C) 45–55 mmHg
D) 55–65 mmHg
Answer: B) 35–45 mmHg
10. Which of the following is the normal blood pH range?
A) 7.15–7.25
B) 7.25–7.35
C) 7.35–7.45
D) 7.45–7.55
Answer: C) 7.35–7.45
11. What is the normal HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate) level?
, A) 10–15 mEq/L
B) 18–22 mEq/L
C) 22–26 mEq/L
D) 28–35 mEq/L
Answer: C) 22–26 mEq/L
12. Michael’s pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. Which change is
expected in his arterial blood gases (ABGs)?
A) Low CO₂
B) High CO₂
C) Normal CO₂
D) High bicarbonate only
Answer: B) High CO₂
13. In respiratory acidosis, what typically happens to potassium (K⁺) levels?
A) Decreases due to potassium binding to albumin
B) Remains unchanged
C) Increases due to hydrogen–potassium exchange across cells
D) Decreases due to excessive diuresis
Answer: C) Increases due to hydrogen–potassium exchange across cells
14. Which hormone is elevated in a patient with congestive heart failure and
fluid volume overload?
A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Aldosterone
C) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
D) Renin
Answer: C) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Verified Multiple Choice and Conceptual Actual
Emended Exam Questions With Reviewed 100%
Correct Detailed Answers & Rationale
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. What is the primary determinant of oncotic pressure?
A) Sodium
B) Albumin
C) Potassium
D) Glucose
Answer: B) Albumin
2. Which of the following best describes oncotic pressure?
A) Hydrostatic pressure exerted by water
B) Osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins
C) Pressure exerted by red blood cells
D) Blood pressure in the capillaries
Answer: B) Osmotic pressure caused by plasma proteins
3. What is the key difference between adult and child immunity?
A) Adults have fewer white blood cells
B) Children have more memory T cells
C) Adults have a mature population of memory T cells, while children have more
naive T cells
,D) Children produce less albumin
Answer: C) Adults have a mature population of memory T cells, while children
have more naive T cells
4. Fluid and electrolyte balance is primarily regulated by:
A) Red blood cells and platelets
B) Osmoreceptors affecting thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS
C) The liver and pancreas
D) Muscle activity and oxygen consumption
Answer: B) Osmoreceptors affecting thirst, ADH, the kidneys, and RAAS
5. Which of the following is a cause of dehydration?
A) Excessive fluid intake
B) Excessive fluid loss
C) High albumin levels
D) Low sodium intake only
Answer: B) Excessive fluid loss
6. Which combination represents the most common causes of dehydration?
A) Inadequate intake only
B) Excessive sweating only
C) Excessive loss and inadequate intake
D) Increased albumin and increased potassium
Answer: C) Excessive loss and inadequate intake
7. Which sign is NOT typically associated with dehydration?
A) Dry mucous membranes
B) Decreased skin turgor
,C) Elevated urine output
D) Low blood pressure
Answer: C) Elevated urine output
8. A patient with a viral illness presents with severe vomiting. Lab results: CO₂ =
48 mmHg, pH = 7.53. What is the most likely acid-base imbalance?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Respiratory alkalosis
C) Metabolic alkalosis
D) Respiratory acidosis
Answer: C) Metabolic alkalosis
9. Which of the following reflects a normal CO₂ range?
A) 20–30 mmHg
B) 35–45 mmHg
C) 45–55 mmHg
D) 55–65 mmHg
Answer: B) 35–45 mmHg
10. Which of the following is the normal blood pH range?
A) 7.15–7.25
B) 7.25–7.35
C) 7.35–7.45
D) 7.45–7.55
Answer: C) 7.35–7.45
11. What is the normal HCO₃⁻ (bicarbonate) level?
, A) 10–15 mEq/L
B) 18–22 mEq/L
C) 22–26 mEq/L
D) 28–35 mEq/L
Answer: C) 22–26 mEq/L
12. Michael’s pulmonary edema leads to respiratory acidosis. Which change is
expected in his arterial blood gases (ABGs)?
A) Low CO₂
B) High CO₂
C) Normal CO₂
D) High bicarbonate only
Answer: B) High CO₂
13. In respiratory acidosis, what typically happens to potassium (K⁺) levels?
A) Decreases due to potassium binding to albumin
B) Remains unchanged
C) Increases due to hydrogen–potassium exchange across cells
D) Decreases due to excessive diuresis
Answer: C) Increases due to hydrogen–potassium exchange across cells
14. Which hormone is elevated in a patient with congestive heart failure and
fluid volume overload?
A) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
B) Aldosterone
C) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
D) Renin
Answer: C) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
