Bio 325
Bio 325 Final Exam Study Questions with 100%
Accurate Answers 2025
Evolution -Correct Answers ✔-Change in allele frequencies in a population over
time
Synapomorphies -Correct Answers ✔-shared derived traits
examples: fossil record
transitional forms -Correct Answers ✔-Fossils or organisms that show the
intermediate states between an ancestral form and that of its descendants
isotopic evidence -Correct Answers ✔-Ratios of isotopes preserved in sediments.
Could be used to know where animal lived due to ratios of isotopes recorded to
oxygen levels.
Example: Could tell someone if animal lived in saltwater or freshwater
Homology -Correct Answers ✔-similarity resulting from common ancestry
Genetic analysis -Correct Answers ✔-Determination of the function of cell RNAs
and proteins based on the phenotype of cells in which the gene encoding the RNA
or protein is mutated.
DNA and RNA comparison
gene expression -Correct Answers ✔-The process by which information encoded
in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not
translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs.
Bio 325
,Bio 325
Development of Embryonic
Behavior Evolution -Correct Answers ✔-genes which interact w/ experiences-
current organism which interacts with current situation- current behavior- back to
experience and evolution (genes being passed on or not, based on success of
behavior)
Example: We can trace behaviors in dolphins since they have bigger brains
Natural Selection -Correct Answers ✔-1. Phenotypic Variation in population
2. Traits are heritable
3. Differential survival and reproductive
Great Chain of Being -Correct Answers ✔-a system in which species were
positioned in a system of hierarchy of complexity or "perfection" (FROM EARLY
GREEKS)
- species organized from lower to higher forms (STEP LADDER)
- Plants--> Animals--> Humans
Natural Theology -Correct Answers ✔-Complexity shows evidence of design by
higher being
William Harvey - Looked at hearts
Thomas Willis - Looked at brains
Bio 325
, Bio 325
Robert Hooke - Looked at organisms are designed "born" to have things to survive
& function.
William Paley - Looked at complex organisms are like machines, eyes are like
telescope
morphological homology -Correct Answers ✔-Similarity in structures resulting
from common ancestry
Adaptation -Correct Answers ✔-A trait that helps an organism survive and
reproduce all due to natural selection.
artificial selection -Correct Answers ✔-Breeding organisms with specific traits in
order to produce offspring with identical traits.
Directional Selection -Correct Answers ✔-Natural selection in which individuals at
one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do
other individuals.
Stabilizing selection -Correct Answers ✔-form of natural selection by which the
center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the
center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
Tip
Node
Root
Ingroup
Outgroup
Clade -Correct Answers ✔-
Monophyletic -Correct Answers ✔-ALL descendants came from one common
ancestor
Bio 325
Bio 325 Final Exam Study Questions with 100%
Accurate Answers 2025
Evolution -Correct Answers ✔-Change in allele frequencies in a population over
time
Synapomorphies -Correct Answers ✔-shared derived traits
examples: fossil record
transitional forms -Correct Answers ✔-Fossils or organisms that show the
intermediate states between an ancestral form and that of its descendants
isotopic evidence -Correct Answers ✔-Ratios of isotopes preserved in sediments.
Could be used to know where animal lived due to ratios of isotopes recorded to
oxygen levels.
Example: Could tell someone if animal lived in saltwater or freshwater
Homology -Correct Answers ✔-similarity resulting from common ancestry
Genetic analysis -Correct Answers ✔-Determination of the function of cell RNAs
and proteins based on the phenotype of cells in which the gene encoding the RNA
or protein is mutated.
DNA and RNA comparison
gene expression -Correct Answers ✔-The process by which information encoded
in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not
translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs.
Bio 325
,Bio 325
Development of Embryonic
Behavior Evolution -Correct Answers ✔-genes which interact w/ experiences-
current organism which interacts with current situation- current behavior- back to
experience and evolution (genes being passed on or not, based on success of
behavior)
Example: We can trace behaviors in dolphins since they have bigger brains
Natural Selection -Correct Answers ✔-1. Phenotypic Variation in population
2. Traits are heritable
3. Differential survival and reproductive
Great Chain of Being -Correct Answers ✔-a system in which species were
positioned in a system of hierarchy of complexity or "perfection" (FROM EARLY
GREEKS)
- species organized from lower to higher forms (STEP LADDER)
- Plants--> Animals--> Humans
Natural Theology -Correct Answers ✔-Complexity shows evidence of design by
higher being
William Harvey - Looked at hearts
Thomas Willis - Looked at brains
Bio 325
, Bio 325
Robert Hooke - Looked at organisms are designed "born" to have things to survive
& function.
William Paley - Looked at complex organisms are like machines, eyes are like
telescope
morphological homology -Correct Answers ✔-Similarity in structures resulting
from common ancestry
Adaptation -Correct Answers ✔-A trait that helps an organism survive and
reproduce all due to natural selection.
artificial selection -Correct Answers ✔-Breeding organisms with specific traits in
order to produce offspring with identical traits.
Directional Selection -Correct Answers ✔-Natural selection in which individuals at
one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than do
other individuals.
Stabilizing selection -Correct Answers ✔-form of natural selection by which the
center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the
center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
Tip
Node
Root
Ingroup
Outgroup
Clade -Correct Answers ✔-
Monophyletic -Correct Answers ✔-ALL descendants came from one common
ancestor
Bio 325
