Bio 325
BIO 325 QUIZ 1 Exam with Verified
Solutions Graded A+ 2025-2026
eukaryotes -Correct Answers ✔-are larger and have more extensive intracellular
anatomy and organization;
have a characteristic set of membrane-bound organelles, that includes a well-
defined nucleus.
prokaryotes -Correct Answers ✔-contain no organelles and their nuclear material is
not encased by a. nuclear membrane; LACK OF NUCLEUS
chromosome, histones -Correct Answers ✔-the nuclei of prokaryotic cells carry
genetic information in a singular circular WHAT and they lack a class of proteins
called WHAT
DNA, supercoiling -Correct Answers ✔-in eukaryotic cells, histones bind with
WHAT and are involved in the WHAT of DNA
movement -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion; muscles that are attached to
bones produce limbs to do this ???
conductivity -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
as a response to a stimulus is manifested by a wave of excitation, an electrical
potential that passes along the surface of the cell to reach its other parts
nerve -Correct Answers ✔-conductivity is the chief function of WHAT cells
metabolic absorption -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
Bio 325
,Bio 325
all cells can take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings
secrete -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
certain cells, such as mucous gland cells, can synthesize new substances from
substances they absorb and then ?? the new substances to serve as needed
elsewhere.
excretion -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
all cells can rid themselves of waste products resulting from the metabolic
breakdown of nutrients.
lysosomes -Correct Answers ✔-found within cells and contain enzymes that break
down, or digest, large molecules, turning them into waste products that are released
from the cell.
respiration -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
cells absorb oxygen which is used to transform nutrients into energy in the form of
ATP; occurs in organelles called mitochondria
reproduction -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce themselves; even without
growth, tissue maintenance requires that new cells be produced to replace cells that
are lost normally through cellular death
communication -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
this is vital for cells to survive as a society of cells
Bio 325
,Bio 325
PM, C, O -Correct Answers ✔-eukaryotic cells consists of what 3 components?
nucleus -Correct Answers ✔-largest membrane bound organelle
cell division, genetic -Correct Answers ✔-primary functions of the nucleus are
WHAT and control of WHAT information
cytoplasm -Correct Answers ✔-an aqueous solution that fills the cytoplasmic
matrix (space between nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane
disease -Correct Answers ✔-the interruption, cessation, or disordering of a body
system or organ structure
pathophysiology -Correct Answers ✔-how the body functions in disease and
related adaptive stress
pathology -Correct Answers ✔-structural changes in cells, tissues, and organs that
help identify cause of disease
pathogenesis -Correct Answers ✔-pattern of tissue changes associated with
development of disease
etiology -Correct Answers ✔-the study of the cause of disease
adaptation -Correct Answers ✔-the ability to withstand and cope with stressors
short term, disruptions -Correct Answers ✔-the body typically adapts better to
WHAT and gradual WHAT to homeostasis
vulnerable, compensatory -Correct Answers ✔-some people are more WHAT to
disease as they have fewer adaptive (WHAT) mechanisms available
Bio 325
, Bio 325
size, number, phenotype, metabolic, functions -Correct Answers ✔-adaptations are
reversible changes in cell WHAT, WHAT, WHAT, WHAT activity, OR WHAT of
cells
atrophy -Correct Answers ✔-decrease or shrinkage in cellular size
hypertrophy, work, hormonal -Correct Answers ✔-increase in cell size caused by
increased WHAT demands or WHAT stimulation
hyperplasia -Correct Answers ✔-increase in cell number
metaplasia -Correct Answers ✔-reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another less mature cell type or change in the phenotype
dysplasia, atypical hyperplasia -Correct Answers ✔-deranged (abnormal) cellular
growth; not considered a true cellular adaptation but rather an WHAT
skeletal, heart, sex, brain -Correct Answers ✔-atrophy can affect any organ, but is
most common in WHAT muscle, the WHAT, secondary WHAT organs, and the
WHAT
physiologic -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT atrophy occurs with early development;
ex: thymus gland undergoes this type of atrophy during childhood
pathologic -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT atrophy occurs as a result of decreases in
workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and
nervous system stimulation
disuse, skeletal -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT atrophy occurs in individuals
immobilized in bed for a prolonged time (type of WHAT muscle atrophy)
aging -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT causes brain cells to become atrophic and
endocrine dependent organs to shrink as hormonal stimulation decreases.
Bio 325
BIO 325 QUIZ 1 Exam with Verified
Solutions Graded A+ 2025-2026
eukaryotes -Correct Answers ✔-are larger and have more extensive intracellular
anatomy and organization;
have a characteristic set of membrane-bound organelles, that includes a well-
defined nucleus.
prokaryotes -Correct Answers ✔-contain no organelles and their nuclear material is
not encased by a. nuclear membrane; LACK OF NUCLEUS
chromosome, histones -Correct Answers ✔-the nuclei of prokaryotic cells carry
genetic information in a singular circular WHAT and they lack a class of proteins
called WHAT
DNA, supercoiling -Correct Answers ✔-in eukaryotic cells, histones bind with
WHAT and are involved in the WHAT of DNA
movement -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion; muscles that are attached to
bones produce limbs to do this ???
conductivity -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
as a response to a stimulus is manifested by a wave of excitation, an electrical
potential that passes along the surface of the cell to reach its other parts
nerve -Correct Answers ✔-conductivity is the chief function of WHAT cells
metabolic absorption -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
Bio 325
,Bio 325
all cells can take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings
secrete -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
certain cells, such as mucous gland cells, can synthesize new substances from
substances they absorb and then ?? the new substances to serve as needed
elsewhere.
excretion -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
all cells can rid themselves of waste products resulting from the metabolic
breakdown of nutrients.
lysosomes -Correct Answers ✔-found within cells and contain enzymes that break
down, or digest, large molecules, turning them into waste products that are released
from the cell.
respiration -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
cells absorb oxygen which is used to transform nutrients into energy in the form of
ATP; occurs in organelles called mitochondria
reproduction -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce themselves; even without
growth, tissue maintenance requires that new cells be produced to replace cells that
are lost normally through cellular death
communication -Correct Answers ✔-cellular functions:
this is vital for cells to survive as a society of cells
Bio 325
,Bio 325
PM, C, O -Correct Answers ✔-eukaryotic cells consists of what 3 components?
nucleus -Correct Answers ✔-largest membrane bound organelle
cell division, genetic -Correct Answers ✔-primary functions of the nucleus are
WHAT and control of WHAT information
cytoplasm -Correct Answers ✔-an aqueous solution that fills the cytoplasmic
matrix (space between nuclear envelope and the plasma membrane
disease -Correct Answers ✔-the interruption, cessation, or disordering of a body
system or organ structure
pathophysiology -Correct Answers ✔-how the body functions in disease and
related adaptive stress
pathology -Correct Answers ✔-structural changes in cells, tissues, and organs that
help identify cause of disease
pathogenesis -Correct Answers ✔-pattern of tissue changes associated with
development of disease
etiology -Correct Answers ✔-the study of the cause of disease
adaptation -Correct Answers ✔-the ability to withstand and cope with stressors
short term, disruptions -Correct Answers ✔-the body typically adapts better to
WHAT and gradual WHAT to homeostasis
vulnerable, compensatory -Correct Answers ✔-some people are more WHAT to
disease as they have fewer adaptive (WHAT) mechanisms available
Bio 325
, Bio 325
size, number, phenotype, metabolic, functions -Correct Answers ✔-adaptations are
reversible changes in cell WHAT, WHAT, WHAT, WHAT activity, OR WHAT of
cells
atrophy -Correct Answers ✔-decrease or shrinkage in cellular size
hypertrophy, work, hormonal -Correct Answers ✔-increase in cell size caused by
increased WHAT demands or WHAT stimulation
hyperplasia -Correct Answers ✔-increase in cell number
metaplasia -Correct Answers ✔-reversible replacement of one mature cell type by
another less mature cell type or change in the phenotype
dysplasia, atypical hyperplasia -Correct Answers ✔-deranged (abnormal) cellular
growth; not considered a true cellular adaptation but rather an WHAT
skeletal, heart, sex, brain -Correct Answers ✔-atrophy can affect any organ, but is
most common in WHAT muscle, the WHAT, secondary WHAT organs, and the
WHAT
physiologic -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT atrophy occurs with early development;
ex: thymus gland undergoes this type of atrophy during childhood
pathologic -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT atrophy occurs as a result of decreases in
workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and
nervous system stimulation
disuse, skeletal -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT atrophy occurs in individuals
immobilized in bed for a prolonged time (type of WHAT muscle atrophy)
aging -Correct Answers ✔-WHAT causes brain cells to become atrophic and
endocrine dependent organs to shrink as hormonal stimulation decreases.
Bio 325
