EXAM 1 PATHO- NURS 8022 EXAM WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
Negative Feedback - CORRECT-ANSWERSPromotes stability; cancels out the original response.
Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas
Positive Feedback - CORRECT-ANSWERSPromotes a change in one direction; instability,
DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade
Proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSProvide selectivity to a membrane
Integral proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSchannels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second
messengers
Peripheral proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSEnzymes, intracellular, signal mediatiors
ATP - CORRECT-ANSWERSConverted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd
and 3rd phosphate groups have abundant energy
,Simple/passive diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccurs down a concentration gradient; from
HIGH to LOW concentration
Simple/passive diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERSDiffuse from high to lower pressure; diffusion
will not occur if the membrane is non permeable to the molecule
Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Concentration difference
(high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy)
Osmosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSPassive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of
low solute concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID)
Primary Active Transport - CORRECT-ANSWERSMolecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a
concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY
, Secondary Active Transport - CORRECT-ANSWERSTrasport is driven by the energy STORED
in the concentration gradient of another molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY
Na+- K+ ATPase - CORRECT-ANSWERSCarrier protein located on the plasma membrane of alll
cells; enzyme that converts ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy
Ca2+ ATPase - CORRECT-ANSWERSMaintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration
H+ ATPase - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion)
and intercalated cells of renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold
Remember: Sodium Potassium Pump - CORRECT-ANSWERSsodium is pumped out of the cell;
potassium is pumped in...
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2025
Negative Feedback - CORRECT-ANSWERSPromotes stability; cancels out the original response.
Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas
Positive Feedback - CORRECT-ANSWERSPromotes a change in one direction; instability,
DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade
Proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSProvide selectivity to a membrane
Integral proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSchannels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second
messengers
Peripheral proteins - CORRECT-ANSWERSEnzymes, intracellular, signal mediatiors
ATP - CORRECT-ANSWERSConverted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd
and 3rd phosphate groups have abundant energy
,Simple/passive diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERSOccurs down a concentration gradient; from
HIGH to LOW concentration
Simple/passive diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERSDiffuse from high to lower pressure; diffusion
will not occur if the membrane is non permeable to the molecule
Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion - CORRECT-ANSWERS1. Concentration difference
(high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy)
Osmosis - CORRECT-ANSWERSPassive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of
low solute concentration to high solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID)
Primary Active Transport - CORRECT-ANSWERSMolecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a
concentration; DIRECT USE OF ENERGY
, Secondary Active Transport - CORRECT-ANSWERSTrasport is driven by the energy STORED
in the concentration gradient of another molecule (Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY
Na+- K+ ATPase - CORRECT-ANSWERSCarrier protein located on the plasma membrane of alll
cells; enzyme that converts ATP to ADP to release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy
Ca2+ ATPase - CORRECT-ANSWERSMaintains a low cystosolic Ca2+ concentration
H+ ATPase - CORRECT-ANSWERS- Found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion)
and intercalated cells of renal tubules (controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold
Remember: Sodium Potassium Pump - CORRECT-ANSWERSsodium is pumped out of the cell;
potassium is pumped in...
