Neurons – Structure, Resting Potential, Action Potential, Saltatory Conduction & Synaptic Transmission (M.Sc. Neuroscience)

These comprehensive M.Sc. level notes on Neurons explain the structure and function of nerve cells, along with the physiology of nerve impulse conduction. The content includes: Types of neurons: sensory, motor, interneurons. Neuron structure: dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, synaptic terminals. Resting potential: role of sodium–potassium pump, intracellular anions, -70 mV potential. Threshold potential & initiation of action potentials. Action potential phases: depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization. Saltatory conduction: myelinated vs. unmyelinated axons, role of nodes of Ranvier. Energy efficiency & speed advantages of myelination. Propagation of nerve impulses in myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Synapses: junctions between neurons and effectors, neurotransmitter release, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. Clinical relevance: effects of neurotransmitter disruption (paralysis, convulsions). Perfect for M.Sc. Neuroscience, Zoology, Life Sciences, and Psychology students, and for exam preparation (CSIR NET, GATE, ICMR, NEET PG, etc.).