1
NR602 Final Exam LATEST (4 DIFFERENT
VERSIONS)/NR 602 FINAL EXAM CHAMBERLAIN
COLLEGE, 2025-2026
1. Pharmacology — Antihypertensives
A 55-year-old patient with hypertension is started on an ACE inhibitor.
Which patient statement indicates understanding of potential side effects?
A. “I may develop a dry cough while on this medication.”
B. “I should expect rapid weight gain immediately.”
C. “I will stop taking it if my blood pressure is normal.”
D. “I can double the dose if it doesn’t work right away.”
Correct Answer: A. “I may develop a dry cough while on this medication.”
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough. Patients should be
educated about this common side effect.
2. Pathophysiology — Heart failure
A patient with left-sided heart failure presents with dyspnea and pulmonary
edema. Which is the primary pathophysiologic cause?
A. Right ventricular dysfunction
B. Left ventricular dysfunction
C. Pulmonary hypertension
D. Pericardial effusion
,2
Correct Answer: B. Left ventricular dysfunction
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the lungs, leading
to pulmonary edema and dyspnea.
3. Pharmacology — Diabetes management
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. Which statement
indicates correct understanding?
A. “I should avoid alcohol while taking this medication.”
B. “I must inject this medication daily.”
C. “It can cause hypoglycemia if taken alone.”
D. “I can stop taking it when my sugars improve.”
Correct Answer: A. “I should avoid alcohol while taking this medication.”
Rationale: Metformin carries a risk of lactic acidosis, which is increased with
alcohol use. It does not usually cause hypoglycemia when used alone.
4. Pharmacology — Antibiotics
A patient is prescribed vancomycin for MRSA infection. Which lab value
must be monitored closely?
A. AST/ALT
B. Serum creatinine
C. INR
D. Blood glucose
Correct Answer: B. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Vancomycin is nephrotoxic. Kidney function should be monitored to
avoid toxicity.
,3
5. Pathophysiology — Asthma
A patient presents with wheezing, shortness of breath, and nighttime
symptoms. Which pathophysiologic mechanism is most responsible?
A. Bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Pleural effusion
D. Atelectasis
Correct Answer: A. Bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation,
bronchoconstriction, and hyperresponsiveness leading to wheezing and dyspnea.
6. Pharmacology — Anticoagulants
A patient on warfarin asks about foods to avoid. Which response is correct?
A. “Avoid foods high in vitamin K, like spinach and kale.”
B. “Avoid all fruits and vegetables.”
C. “You can eat anything; diet doesn’t matter.”
D. “Take extra vitamin K supplements to boost effect.”
Correct Answer: A. “Avoid foods high in vitamin K, like spinach and kale.”
Rationale: Vitamin K can decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Consistent
intake is important for stable INR levels.
7. Pathophysiology — COPD
A patient with chronic bronchitis presents with a productive cough for three
, 4
months each year for the past two years. Which is the primary
pathophysiologic change?
A. Loss of alveolar elasticity
B. Mucus hypersecretion and airway obstruction
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Atelectasis
Correct Answer: B. Mucus hypersecretion and airway obstruction
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and
increased mucus production, leading to airway obstruction.
8. Pharmacology — Opioid analgesics
A patient prescribed morphine reports nausea and constipation. Which
nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Increase the dose to reduce nausea
B. Prescribe antiemetics and stool softeners
C. Stop the medication immediately
D. Encourage the patient to exercise vigorously
Correct Answer: B. Prescribe antiemetics and stool softeners
Rationale: Nausea and constipation are common opioid side effects. Managing
symptoms allows continued analgesic benefit.
9. Pathophysiology — Diabetes complications
A patient with long-standing diabetes presents with foot ulcers and
decreased sensation. What is the primary cause?
A. Peripheral neuropathy
NR602 Final Exam LATEST (4 DIFFERENT
VERSIONS)/NR 602 FINAL EXAM CHAMBERLAIN
COLLEGE, 2025-2026
1. Pharmacology — Antihypertensives
A 55-year-old patient with hypertension is started on an ACE inhibitor.
Which patient statement indicates understanding of potential side effects?
A. “I may develop a dry cough while on this medication.”
B. “I should expect rapid weight gain immediately.”
C. “I will stop taking it if my blood pressure is normal.”
D. “I can double the dose if it doesn’t work right away.”
Correct Answer: A. “I may develop a dry cough while on this medication.”
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent dry cough. Patients should be
educated about this common side effect.
2. Pathophysiology — Heart failure
A patient with left-sided heart failure presents with dyspnea and pulmonary
edema. Which is the primary pathophysiologic cause?
A. Right ventricular dysfunction
B. Left ventricular dysfunction
C. Pulmonary hypertension
D. Pericardial effusion
,2
Correct Answer: B. Left ventricular dysfunction
Rationale: Left-sided heart failure causes blood to back up into the lungs, leading
to pulmonary edema and dyspnea.
3. Pharmacology — Diabetes management
A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. Which statement
indicates correct understanding?
A. “I should avoid alcohol while taking this medication.”
B. “I must inject this medication daily.”
C. “It can cause hypoglycemia if taken alone.”
D. “I can stop taking it when my sugars improve.”
Correct Answer: A. “I should avoid alcohol while taking this medication.”
Rationale: Metformin carries a risk of lactic acidosis, which is increased with
alcohol use. It does not usually cause hypoglycemia when used alone.
4. Pharmacology — Antibiotics
A patient is prescribed vancomycin for MRSA infection. Which lab value
must be monitored closely?
A. AST/ALT
B. Serum creatinine
C. INR
D. Blood glucose
Correct Answer: B. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Vancomycin is nephrotoxic. Kidney function should be monitored to
avoid toxicity.
,3
5. Pathophysiology — Asthma
A patient presents with wheezing, shortness of breath, and nighttime
symptoms. Which pathophysiologic mechanism is most responsible?
A. Bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Pleural effusion
D. Atelectasis
Correct Answer: A. Bronchial inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation,
bronchoconstriction, and hyperresponsiveness leading to wheezing and dyspnea.
6. Pharmacology — Anticoagulants
A patient on warfarin asks about foods to avoid. Which response is correct?
A. “Avoid foods high in vitamin K, like spinach and kale.”
B. “Avoid all fruits and vegetables.”
C. “You can eat anything; diet doesn’t matter.”
D. “Take extra vitamin K supplements to boost effect.”
Correct Answer: A. “Avoid foods high in vitamin K, like spinach and kale.”
Rationale: Vitamin K can decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Consistent
intake is important for stable INR levels.
7. Pathophysiology — COPD
A patient with chronic bronchitis presents with a productive cough for three
, 4
months each year for the past two years. Which is the primary
pathophysiologic change?
A. Loss of alveolar elasticity
B. Mucus hypersecretion and airway obstruction
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Atelectasis
Correct Answer: B. Mucus hypersecretion and airway obstruction
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and
increased mucus production, leading to airway obstruction.
8. Pharmacology — Opioid analgesics
A patient prescribed morphine reports nausea and constipation. Which
nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Increase the dose to reduce nausea
B. Prescribe antiemetics and stool softeners
C. Stop the medication immediately
D. Encourage the patient to exercise vigorously
Correct Answer: B. Prescribe antiemetics and stool softeners
Rationale: Nausea and constipation are common opioid side effects. Managing
symptoms allows continued analgesic benefit.
9. Pathophysiology — Diabetes complications
A patient with long-standing diabetes presents with foot ulcers and
decreased sensation. What is the primary cause?
A. Peripheral neuropathy
