2025/2026
BIOD 101 FINAL
questions and
answers latest
update
20245/2026
USER
STUVIA
,1.What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - ✔✔answer1. DNA contains deoxyribose -
RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
2.DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA nucleotide form
the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - ✔✔answerThe uprights are the sugar phosphate backbone,
and the rungs are the bases.
3.Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - ✔✔answerDuring
dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block monomers. A
water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule is added
and energy is released.
4.Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use
of each.
GLUCOSE - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
5.Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use
of each.
Starch - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Cellulose - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Triglyceride - ✔✔answerLipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces twice as
much energy per gram than carbohydrates
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Phopholipid - ✔✔answerLipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Hemoglobin - ✔✔answerProtein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
DNA - ✔✔answerNucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
RNA - ✔✔answerNucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
, Cholesterol - ✔✔answerLipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can form
plaque on artery walls
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
ATP - ✔✔answerNucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-energy phosphate bond
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Glycogen - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Insulin - ✔✔answerProtein; a hormone
Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - ✔✔answerBecause they are "structurally
sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse.
Explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
a. Primary structure:
b. Secondary structure:
c. Tertiary structure:
d. Quaternary structure: - ✔✔answera. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain
b. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain forms
(alpha-helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and flexible but not
elastic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that one chain can have
both patterns
c. Folding of the secondary structure; 3D shape determined by R-group interactions and hydrogen bonds
BIOD 101 FINAL
questions and
answers latest
update
20245/2026
USER
STUVIA
,1.What are the four major differences btw DNA and RNA? - ✔✔answer1. DNA contains deoxyribose -
RNA is ribose
2. DNA: thymine
RNA: uracil
3. DNA: double stranded helix
RNA: single strand
2.DNA is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a DNA nucleotide form
the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - ✔✔answerThe uprights are the sugar phosphate backbone,
and the rungs are the bases.
3.Explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - ✔✔answerDuring
dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block monomers. A
water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule is added
and energy is released.
4.Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use
of each.
GLUCOSE - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
5.Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use
of each.
Starch - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Cellulose - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
,Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Triglyceride - ✔✔answerLipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces twice as
much energy per gram than carbohydrates
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Phopholipid - ✔✔answerLipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Hemoglobin - ✔✔answerProtein; carries oxygen in the blood
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
DNA - ✔✔answerNucleic Acid; contains genetic material of cells
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
RNA - ✔✔answerNucleic Acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
, Cholesterol - ✔✔answerLipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can form
plaque on artery walls
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
ATP - ✔✔answerNucleic Acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-energy phosphate bond
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Glycogen - ✔✔answerCarbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
Tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then explain the use of
each.
Insulin - ✔✔answerProtein; a hormone
Why are proteins so often used to build structures? - ✔✔answerBecause they are "structurally
sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse.
Explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
a. Primary structure:
b. Secondary structure:
c. Tertiary structure:
d. Quaternary structure: - ✔✔answera. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain
b. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain forms
(alpha-helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and flexible but not
elastic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that one chain can have
both patterns
c. Folding of the secondary structure; 3D shape determined by R-group interactions and hydrogen bonds
