,ChapterY01:YIntroductionYtoYImagingYandYRadiologicYSciences
Adler:YIntroductionYtoYRadiologicYandYImagingYSciencesYandYPatientYCare,Y6thYEdition
MULTIPLEYCHOICE
1. TheYuseYofYx-raysYtoYcreateYaYmedicalYimageYonYpatientsYisYreferredYtoYas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticYresonanceYimaging.
ANS:Y B
RadiographyYisYtheYmakingYofYrecordsYofYinternalYstructuresYofYtheYbodyYbyYpassageYofYx-
raysYorYgammaYraysYthroughYtheYbody.YTheseYrecordsYorYimagesYareYtypicallyYreferredYtoYasY
radiographs.
REF: p.Y4
2. ParticularYcareYmustYbeYtakenYwhenYusingYradiationYforYmedicalYimaging.YThisYisYtheYresultY
ofYradiation’sYabilityYtoYcreate inYhumanYtissueYandYpossibleYbiochemicalYchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radioYwaves
c. soundYwaves
d. thermalYchanges
ANS:Y A
SomeYformsYofYelectromagneticYenergy,YincludingYx-
rays,YhaveYtheYabilityYtoYionizeYatomsYinYmatter.YTheseYionizationsYhaveYtheYabilityYtoYdisrup
tYtheYcompositionYofYmatterYandYareYcapableYofYdisruptingYlifeYprocesses.YSpecialYprotection
YshouldYbeYprovidedYtoYpreventYexcessiveYexposureYtoYionizingYradiation.
REF: p.Y3
3. InYtheYdiagnosisYofYpatientYdiseaseYstates,YphysiciansYcanYselectYfromYanYarrayYofYmedicalYd
iagnosticYmodalities.YAYfewYofYtheseYinvolveYtheYuseYofYionizingYenergyYtoYcreateYaYmedica
lYimage.YIfYaYphysicianYisYconcernedYaboutYtheYuseYofYionizingYradiation,YheYorYsheYmayYcho
oseYtoYorderYanyYofYtheYfollowingYdiagnosticYmodalitiesYEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicalYsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticYresonanceYimaging.
ANS:Y C
RadiographyYinvolvesYtheYuseYofYx-
raysYforYtheYproductionYofYmedicalYimages.YMedicalYproceduresYsuchYasYthermograms,Ysono
grams,YandYmagneticYresonanceYscansYuseYnonionizingYenergyYformsYandYconsequentlyYdoYn
otYproduceYionizationsYinYhumanYtissue.YTheyYareYregardedYasYnonionizingYmodalitiesYforYim
agingYandYofferYexcellentYalternativesYtoYphysiciansYconcernedYaboutYradiationYexposureYtoYp
atients.
, REF:Y pp.Y3-4
4. TheYGreekYphysicianYHippocratesYisYregardedYasYtheYfatherYofYWesternYmedicine.YAllYofYt
heYfollowingYchoicesYrepresentYhisYmedicalYbeliefsYEXCEPTYthe
a. useYofYhighYethicalYstandardsYofYconduct.
b. importantYmedicalYvalueYofYsorceryYandYwitchcraft.
c. importanceYofYcloselyYmonitoringYaYpatient’sYconditionYandYrecovery.
d. valueYofYdietYandYexerciseYandYallowingYnatureYtoYtakeYitsYcourseYinYrecovery.
ANS:Y B
TheYHippocraticYCorpusYisYwritingsYthatYtheyYemphasizeYrationalYandYnaturalYexplanationsYf
orYtheYtreatmentYofYdiseaseYandYrejectYsorceryYandYmagic.YTheYHippocraticYoathYstillYgoverns
YtheYethicalYconductYofYphysiciansYtoday.
REF: p.Y5
5. ThroughoutYtheYhistoryYofYmedicine,YremarkableYachievementsYhaveYbeenYrecorded.YThes
eYeventsYhaveYledYtoYourYcurrentYunderstandingYofYtheYhumanYorganismYandYdisease.YAsYt
hisYresearchYcontinues,YmuchYofYitYwillYmostYlikelyYfocusYon
a. properYsanitationYandYpublicYhealth.
b. immunologyYandYtheYdevelopmentYofYvaccines.
c. germYtheoryYandYinfection.
d. humanYgenesYandYgeneticYengineering.
ANS:Y D
AlthoughYtheYHumanYGenomeYProjectYisYfinished,YanalysesYofYtheYdataYwillYcontinueYforYm
anyYyears.YTheYreplacementYofYfaultyYgenesYthroughYgeneYtherapyYoffersYpromisesYofYcuresYf
orYaYvarietyYofYhereditaryYdiseases,YandYthroughYgeneticYengineering,YimportantYpharmaceut
icalsYcontinueYtoYbeYdeveloped.YMedicalYresearchYwillYcontinueYtoYfocusYonYtheYgeneticYcod
eYinYallYcells.
REF: p.Y6
6. WilhelmYC.YRoentgen’sYdiscoveryYofY“theYx-
ray”YisYregardedYasYoneYofYmedicine’sYmostYsignificantYachievements.YAlthoughYhisYdiscov
eryYwasYaccidental,YhisYearlyYresearchYwasYsoYthoroughYthatYnoYsignificantYfindingsYhaveYb
eenYaddedYtoYhisYoriginalYtheories.YThisYinYitselfYisYaYtrueYtributeYtoYtheYbrillianceYofYRoent
genYasYaYscientist.YOneYofYtheYmostYfamousYearlyYimagesYheYcreatedYwasYanYx-
rayYimageYofYhis
a. colon.
b. laboratoryYassistant’sYfoot.
c. wife’sYhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:Y C
NovemberY8,Y1895,YisYbelievedYbyYhistoriansYtoYbeYtheYdayYthatYRoentgenYcreatedYtheYfamo
usYimageYofYtheYhandYofYhisYwife.YThroughYhisYinvestigativeYmethods,YRoentgenYidentifiedYt
heYpropertiesYofYx-rays.
REF: p.Y6
, 7. AYvaluableYx-rayYprocedureYusedYtoYdiagnoseYaYmyocardialYinfarctionYis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronaryYarteriography.
ANS:Y D
CoronaryYarteriographyYisYanYextremelyYvaluableYtoolYinYdiagnosingYatherosclerosis,YwhichY
canYblockYtheYcoronaryYarteriesYandYcauseYaYheartYattackY(myocardialYinfarction).YByYwayYof
YaYspecialYcatheterYwithYaYballoonYtip,YeffectiveYtreatmentYofYatherosclerosisYisYpossible.YThis
YtreatmentYofYaYblockedYbloodYvesselYisYtermedYangioplasty.YAngioplastyYisYusedYtoYtreatYpat
ientsYwithoutYhavingYtoYuseYinvasiveYopen-heartYsurgery.
REF: p.Y8
8. AllYofYtheYfollowingYareYtrueYofYtheYdiagnosticYprocedureYofYmammographyYEXCEPT
a. itYisYveryYvaluableYforYtheYdetectionYofYearlyYbreastYcancers.
b. theYproceduresYmayYbeYperformedYusingYaYgeneralYradiographicYmachine.
c. radiographersYneedYtoYbeYspeciallyYtrainedYinYorderYtoYperformYmammography.
d. radiographersYmustYbeYcertifiedYbyYtheYARRTYtoYqualifyYforYtheYmammograph
yYexamination.
ANS:Y B
SpecialYbreastYimagingYcentersYhaveYbeenYbuiltYtoYaccommodateYtheYdemandYforYmammogr
aphyYprocedures.YEquipmentYandYsupplies,YsuchYasYaYspeciallyYdesignedYx-
rayYtubeYandYhigh-resolutionYdigitalYimagingYdetectors,YareYusedYtoYcreateYhigh-
qualityYbreastYimages.YMammographyYcannotYbeYperformedYusingYgeneralYx-rayYequipment.
REF: p.Y8
9. ToYstudyYtheYbloodYvesselsYofYtheYbrain,Ykidneys,Yliver,YandYotherYorgans,YcontrastYmaterialY
isYadministeredYintoYtheseYvesselsYbyYusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. noneYofYtheYabove.
ANS:Y A
AngiographyYisYtheYtermYforYradiologicYexaminationYofYtheYbloodYvesselsYafterYinjectionYof
YaY
contrastYmedium.YMostYoften,YtheYcontrastYmaterialYisYinjectedYthroughYaYcatheter,YwhichY
canYbeYdirectedYtoYaYvarietyYofYmajorYarteriesYorYveinsYforYvisualizationYofYtheseYstructures.
REF: p.Y8
10. RadiologicYscienceYcontinuesYtoYbeYoneYofYtheYmostYexcitingYprofessionsYinYmedicine.Y
AnYimagingYmodalityYthatYusesYnoYionizingYradiationYandYtheYenergyYofYradioYwavesYan
dYmagneticYfieldsYis
a. nuclearYimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
Adler:YIntroductionYtoYRadiologicYandYImagingYSciencesYandYPatientYCare,Y6thYEdition
MULTIPLEYCHOICE
1. TheYuseYofYx-raysYtoYcreateYaYmedicalYimageYonYpatientsYisYreferredYtoYas
a. electrocardiography.
b. radiography.
c. sonography.
d. magneticYresonanceYimaging.
ANS:Y B
RadiographyYisYtheYmakingYofYrecordsYofYinternalYstructuresYofYtheYbodyYbyYpassageYofYx-
raysYorYgammaYraysYthroughYtheYbody.YTheseYrecordsYorYimagesYareYtypicallyYreferredYtoYasY
radiographs.
REF: p.Y4
2. ParticularYcareYmustYbeYtakenYwhenYusingYradiationYforYmedicalYimaging.YThisYisYtheYresultY
ofYradiation’sYabilityYtoYcreate inYhumanYtissueYandYpossibleYbiochemicalYchanges.
a. ionizations
b. radioYwaves
c. soundYwaves
d. thermalYchanges
ANS:Y A
SomeYformsYofYelectromagneticYenergy,YincludingYx-
rays,YhaveYtheYabilityYtoYionizeYatomsYinYmatter.YTheseYionizationsYhaveYtheYabilityYtoYdisrup
tYtheYcompositionYofYmatterYandYareYcapableYofYdisruptingYlifeYprocesses.YSpecialYprotection
YshouldYbeYprovidedYtoYpreventYexcessiveYexposureYtoYionizingYradiation.
REF: p.Y3
3. InYtheYdiagnosisYofYpatientYdiseaseYstates,YphysiciansYcanYselectYfromYanYarrayYofYmedicalYd
iagnosticYmodalities.YAYfewYofYtheseYinvolveYtheYuseYofYionizingYenergyYtoYcreateYaYmedica
lYimage.YIfYaYphysicianYisYconcernedYaboutYtheYuseYofYionizingYradiation,YheYorYsheYmayYcho
oseYtoYorderYanyYofYtheYfollowingYdiagnosticYmodalitiesYEXCEPT
a. thermograms.
b. medicalYsonography.
c. radiography.
d. magneticYresonanceYimaging.
ANS:Y C
RadiographyYinvolvesYtheYuseYofYx-
raysYforYtheYproductionYofYmedicalYimages.YMedicalYproceduresYsuchYasYthermograms,Ysono
grams,YandYmagneticYresonanceYscansYuseYnonionizingYenergyYformsYandYconsequentlyYdoYn
otYproduceYionizationsYinYhumanYtissue.YTheyYareYregardedYasYnonionizingYmodalitiesYforYim
agingYandYofferYexcellentYalternativesYtoYphysiciansYconcernedYaboutYradiationYexposureYtoYp
atients.
, REF:Y pp.Y3-4
4. TheYGreekYphysicianYHippocratesYisYregardedYasYtheYfatherYofYWesternYmedicine.YAllYofYt
heYfollowingYchoicesYrepresentYhisYmedicalYbeliefsYEXCEPTYthe
a. useYofYhighYethicalYstandardsYofYconduct.
b. importantYmedicalYvalueYofYsorceryYandYwitchcraft.
c. importanceYofYcloselyYmonitoringYaYpatient’sYconditionYandYrecovery.
d. valueYofYdietYandYexerciseYandYallowingYnatureYtoYtakeYitsYcourseYinYrecovery.
ANS:Y B
TheYHippocraticYCorpusYisYwritingsYthatYtheyYemphasizeYrationalYandYnaturalYexplanationsYf
orYtheYtreatmentYofYdiseaseYandYrejectYsorceryYandYmagic.YTheYHippocraticYoathYstillYgoverns
YtheYethicalYconductYofYphysiciansYtoday.
REF: p.Y5
5. ThroughoutYtheYhistoryYofYmedicine,YremarkableYachievementsYhaveYbeenYrecorded.YThes
eYeventsYhaveYledYtoYourYcurrentYunderstandingYofYtheYhumanYorganismYandYdisease.YAsYt
hisYresearchYcontinues,YmuchYofYitYwillYmostYlikelyYfocusYon
a. properYsanitationYandYpublicYhealth.
b. immunologyYandYtheYdevelopmentYofYvaccines.
c. germYtheoryYandYinfection.
d. humanYgenesYandYgeneticYengineering.
ANS:Y D
AlthoughYtheYHumanYGenomeYProjectYisYfinished,YanalysesYofYtheYdataYwillYcontinueYforYm
anyYyears.YTheYreplacementYofYfaultyYgenesYthroughYgeneYtherapyYoffersYpromisesYofYcuresYf
orYaYvarietyYofYhereditaryYdiseases,YandYthroughYgeneticYengineering,YimportantYpharmaceut
icalsYcontinueYtoYbeYdeveloped.YMedicalYresearchYwillYcontinueYtoYfocusYonYtheYgeneticYcod
eYinYallYcells.
REF: p.Y6
6. WilhelmYC.YRoentgen’sYdiscoveryYofY“theYx-
ray”YisYregardedYasYoneYofYmedicine’sYmostYsignificantYachievements.YAlthoughYhisYdiscov
eryYwasYaccidental,YhisYearlyYresearchYwasYsoYthoroughYthatYnoYsignificantYfindingsYhaveYb
eenYaddedYtoYhisYoriginalYtheories.YThisYinYitselfYisYaYtrueYtributeYtoYtheYbrillianceYofYRoent
genYasYaYscientist.YOneYofYtheYmostYfamousYearlyYimagesYheYcreatedYwasYanYx-
rayYimageYofYhis
a. colon.
b. laboratoryYassistant’sYfoot.
c. wife’sYhand.
d. kidneys.
ANS:Y C
NovemberY8,Y1895,YisYbelievedYbyYhistoriansYtoYbeYtheYdayYthatYRoentgenYcreatedYtheYfamo
usYimageYofYtheYhandYofYhisYwife.YThroughYhisYinvestigativeYmethods,YRoentgenYidentifiedYt
heYpropertiesYofYx-rays.
REF: p.Y6
, 7. AYvaluableYx-rayYprocedureYusedYtoYdiagnoseYaYmyocardialYinfarctionYis
a. mammography.
b. myelography.
c. arthrography.
d. coronaryYarteriography.
ANS:Y D
CoronaryYarteriographyYisYanYextremelyYvaluableYtoolYinYdiagnosingYatherosclerosis,YwhichY
canYblockYtheYcoronaryYarteriesYandYcauseYaYheartYattackY(myocardialYinfarction).YByYwayYof
YaYspecialYcatheterYwithYaYballoonYtip,YeffectiveYtreatmentYofYatherosclerosisYisYpossible.YThis
YtreatmentYofYaYblockedYbloodYvesselYisYtermedYangioplasty.YAngioplastyYisYusedYtoYtreatYpat
ientsYwithoutYhavingYtoYuseYinvasiveYopen-heartYsurgery.
REF: p.Y8
8. AllYofYtheYfollowingYareYtrueYofYtheYdiagnosticYprocedureYofYmammographyYEXCEPT
a. itYisYveryYvaluableYforYtheYdetectionYofYearlyYbreastYcancers.
b. theYproceduresYmayYbeYperformedYusingYaYgeneralYradiographicYmachine.
c. radiographersYneedYtoYbeYspeciallyYtrainedYinYorderYtoYperformYmammography.
d. radiographersYmustYbeYcertifiedYbyYtheYARRTYtoYqualifyYforYtheYmammograph
yYexamination.
ANS:Y B
SpecialYbreastYimagingYcentersYhaveYbeenYbuiltYtoYaccommodateYtheYdemandYforYmammogr
aphyYprocedures.YEquipmentYandYsupplies,YsuchYasYaYspeciallyYdesignedYx-
rayYtubeYandYhigh-resolutionYdigitalYimagingYdetectors,YareYusedYtoYcreateYhigh-
qualityYbreastYimages.YMammographyYcannotYbeYperformedYusingYgeneralYx-rayYequipment.
REF: p.Y8
9. ToYstudyYtheYbloodYvesselsYofYtheYbrain,Ykidneys,Yliver,YandYotherYorgans,YcontrastYmaterialY
isYadministeredYintoYtheseYvesselsYbyYusing
a. catheters.
b. stents.
c. balloons.
d. noneYofYtheYabove.
ANS:Y A
AngiographyYisYtheYtermYforYradiologicYexaminationYofYtheYbloodYvesselsYafterYinjectionYof
YaY
contrastYmedium.YMostYoften,YtheYcontrastYmaterialYisYinjectedYthroughYaYcatheter,YwhichY
canYbeYdirectedYtoYaYvarietyYofYmajorYarteriesYorYveinsYforYvisualizationYofYtheseYstructures.
REF: p.Y8
10. RadiologicYscienceYcontinuesYtoYbeYoneYofYtheYmostYexcitingYprofessionsYinYmedicine.Y
AnYimagingYmodalityYthatYusesYnoYionizingYradiationYandYtheYenergyYofYradioYwavesYan
dYmagneticYfieldsYis
a. nuclearYimaging.
b. thermography.
c. CVIT.
