NGR 6301 Exam TWO Questions With Complete Solutions
Describe ABO incompatibilities-causing jaundice. Correct
Answer Mother is type O and baby is type A or B. Mother
produces IgG antibodies to type A or B blood. Diagnosed with
type and Coombs test on baby.
Describe Rh incompatibilities-causing jaundice. Correct
Answer Mother Rh negative and baby Rh positive (diagnosed
with blood typing and Coombs test on baby).
Anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta, causing hemolysis of
infant's RBCs.
Describe the follow up for infant jaundice. Correct Answer
The following should be evaluated - mucus membranes, skin,
liver, feeding adequacy and frequency (10-12 first few weeks),
quality and frequency of BMs
Describe the mechanisms of resistance for h. flu? Correct
Answer production of enzymes that inactivate abx ( b-
lactamase)
Describe the mechanisms of resistance for m. cat? Correct
Answer production of enzymes that inactivate abx ( b-
lactamase)
Describe the mechanisms of resistance for s. pneumo? Correct
Answer - changes in outer membrane proteins that prevent
antibiotic from penetrating bacterial cell wall
- changes in affinity for bacterial enzymes
,- efflux pump development
- biofilm development
How can a diagnosis of strep be definitively excluded? Correct
Answer Get a rapid test and if that is negative, back it up with a
throat culture
How is allergic rhinitis treated? Correct Answer 1.
Avoidance/environmental controls
2. Antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays, leukotriene modifiers,
nasal cromolyn
How is an acute asthma exacerbation treated in an outpatient
setting? Correct Answer 1. immediately administer SABA
No improvement, continue
2. administer second SABA + ipratropium, begin chest PT
No improvement, continue
3. systemic corticosteroid + third SABA and ipratropium
4. Admit if no improvement
How is AOM diagnosed? Correct Answer *Diagnosis can
only be made by using an otoscope with pneumatic insufflator*
1. TM immobile with pneumatic otoscopy
2. Frank pus visualized in the mes
3. ATM visibly bulging
4. Obvious bullous lesion on the TM
, How is asthma diagnosed? Correct Answer as intermittent or
persistent
How is bronchiolitis treated? Correct Answer Mild - keep
nose clear, humidified clean air, chest PT, postural drainage,
inhaled bronchodilator
- consider PO steroid x3-5 days, daily follow-up
Mod-severe - admit
How is DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) treated?
Correct Answer If DDH is caught at birth then the patient
simply gets a hip cast (referral required).
Subluxation can correct by two weeks of age. If a "click" is
heard then re-evaluate in two weeks and refer out if still present.
If the limb is dislocatable, refer to ortho.
How is GERD treated if the infant is in pain or has a cough?
Correct Answer Prescribe an acid-reducing medication: H2RAs
or PPIs (famotidine and lansoprozole commonly used first).
For more severe cases, peristalsis-enhancing meds
(erythromycin) may also be needed in addition to a Peds GI
referral.
How is infant GERD diagnosed? Correct Answer The s/s
include frequent but not forceful spitting up and chronic but
mild URI s/s.
Describe ABO incompatibilities-causing jaundice. Correct
Answer Mother is type O and baby is type A or B. Mother
produces IgG antibodies to type A or B blood. Diagnosed with
type and Coombs test on baby.
Describe Rh incompatibilities-causing jaundice. Correct
Answer Mother Rh negative and baby Rh positive (diagnosed
with blood typing and Coombs test on baby).
Anti-Rh antibodies cross the placenta, causing hemolysis of
infant's RBCs.
Describe the follow up for infant jaundice. Correct Answer
The following should be evaluated - mucus membranes, skin,
liver, feeding adequacy and frequency (10-12 first few weeks),
quality and frequency of BMs
Describe the mechanisms of resistance for h. flu? Correct
Answer production of enzymes that inactivate abx ( b-
lactamase)
Describe the mechanisms of resistance for m. cat? Correct
Answer production of enzymes that inactivate abx ( b-
lactamase)
Describe the mechanisms of resistance for s. pneumo? Correct
Answer - changes in outer membrane proteins that prevent
antibiotic from penetrating bacterial cell wall
- changes in affinity for bacterial enzymes
,- efflux pump development
- biofilm development
How can a diagnosis of strep be definitively excluded? Correct
Answer Get a rapid test and if that is negative, back it up with a
throat culture
How is allergic rhinitis treated? Correct Answer 1.
Avoidance/environmental controls
2. Antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays, leukotriene modifiers,
nasal cromolyn
How is an acute asthma exacerbation treated in an outpatient
setting? Correct Answer 1. immediately administer SABA
No improvement, continue
2. administer second SABA + ipratropium, begin chest PT
No improvement, continue
3. systemic corticosteroid + third SABA and ipratropium
4. Admit if no improvement
How is AOM diagnosed? Correct Answer *Diagnosis can
only be made by using an otoscope with pneumatic insufflator*
1. TM immobile with pneumatic otoscopy
2. Frank pus visualized in the mes
3. ATM visibly bulging
4. Obvious bullous lesion on the TM
, How is asthma diagnosed? Correct Answer as intermittent or
persistent
How is bronchiolitis treated? Correct Answer Mild - keep
nose clear, humidified clean air, chest PT, postural drainage,
inhaled bronchodilator
- consider PO steroid x3-5 days, daily follow-up
Mod-severe - admit
How is DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) treated?
Correct Answer If DDH is caught at birth then the patient
simply gets a hip cast (referral required).
Subluxation can correct by two weeks of age. If a "click" is
heard then re-evaluate in two weeks and refer out if still present.
If the limb is dislocatable, refer to ortho.
How is GERD treated if the infant is in pain or has a cough?
Correct Answer Prescribe an acid-reducing medication: H2RAs
or PPIs (famotidine and lansoprozole commonly used first).
For more severe cases, peristalsis-enhancing meds
(erythromycin) may also be needed in addition to a Peds GI
referral.
How is infant GERD diagnosed? Correct Answer The s/s
include frequent but not forceful spitting up and chronic but
mild URI s/s.
