Nursing 301 - Exam 4 (Neuro interventions, cognition,
drains, depression/suicide, PCA/epidural, anxiety/stress,
delirium, advanced airway) Questions With Complete
Solutions
causes of depression
causes of _________:
- lots of genetic components - if one grows up surrounded by
depression = predisposition; individual may see it as normal
- may be environmental - poverty; parents or siblings with
depression or other mental health disorders; homelife
- new medical diagnosis
- biochemical - imbalances and decreased levels of serotonin,
norepinephrine, and dopamine
- medications to treat these imbalances!!
- may take up to 4-6 weeks for full therapeutic effect
persistant depressive disorder (dysthymia)
a depressive disorder that has somewhat milder symptoms than
those ascribed with MDD
describe mood as sad or "down in the dumps" - chronically not
happy; no joy in life
depressed mood for most days for at least 2 years
characterized by...
,- poor appetite, overeating
- insomnia/hypersomnia
- has not went w/o symptoms for more than 2 months at a time
- causes significant distress or impairment in social and
occupational areas of life
postpartum depression
a depressive disorder often seen in new moms; mom
looks disheveled
tends to be worse during the evening
50-85% blues, 10-20% moderate depression; severe psychosis
1%
allow mom to voice frustrations
mild
- depressed mood, varies from day to day
- anxiety, impaired concentration
- begin 48 hours after delivery (euphoria begins to subside)
- peaks 3-5 days and last 2 weeks
- fairly "normal" for most women to experience the "blues"
moderate
- more bad days than good, worse in the evening
- fatigue, decreased libido
- loss of appetite
,- sleep disturbances
- irritability
- lasts weeks to months
- can impact ability to care for child
postpartum depression risk factors
risk factors for __________ __________:
- previous episodes of partpartum depression, depression, or
anxiety
- social factors: lack of coping skills, lack of support, and
financial burdens
postpartum depression screening
use the Edinburgh postpartum depression screening
can also use the PHQ-9
ask mom how things are - give her time to allow for honesty!!
situational depression
a depressive disorder that lasts less than 6 months in duration
triggered by a stressful life event
screening tools include a PHQ-2 and PHQ-9
*use PHQ-2 first; if yes to the first two questions, proceed to
PHQ-9
PHQ-2, PHQ-9
what are the two screenings that assess for situational
depression? (make sure to question answers if you notice
, behaviors or statements that do not match answers from these
questionnaires)
depression treatments
treatments for _________ include:
- medications
- downside: 4-6 weeks for therapeutic effects
- therapy
- educate about depression, anxiety, coping, etc.
- new outlook on how to see things!
- cognitive behavioral therapy
- changing the way in which one thinks
- state feeling and reason why
- "I" STATEMENTS - "I feel frustrated b/c ..."
- journaling, gratitude journal
- mindfulness
- relaxation therapy
- referral/consult
- light therapy
- group therapy
pharmacology
this type of treatment includes SSRIs, SNRIs, heterocyclic, and
MAOIs
drains, depression/suicide, PCA/epidural, anxiety/stress,
delirium, advanced airway) Questions With Complete
Solutions
causes of depression
causes of _________:
- lots of genetic components - if one grows up surrounded by
depression = predisposition; individual may see it as normal
- may be environmental - poverty; parents or siblings with
depression or other mental health disorders; homelife
- new medical diagnosis
- biochemical - imbalances and decreased levels of serotonin,
norepinephrine, and dopamine
- medications to treat these imbalances!!
- may take up to 4-6 weeks for full therapeutic effect
persistant depressive disorder (dysthymia)
a depressive disorder that has somewhat milder symptoms than
those ascribed with MDD
describe mood as sad or "down in the dumps" - chronically not
happy; no joy in life
depressed mood for most days for at least 2 years
characterized by...
,- poor appetite, overeating
- insomnia/hypersomnia
- has not went w/o symptoms for more than 2 months at a time
- causes significant distress or impairment in social and
occupational areas of life
postpartum depression
a depressive disorder often seen in new moms; mom
looks disheveled
tends to be worse during the evening
50-85% blues, 10-20% moderate depression; severe psychosis
1%
allow mom to voice frustrations
mild
- depressed mood, varies from day to day
- anxiety, impaired concentration
- begin 48 hours after delivery (euphoria begins to subside)
- peaks 3-5 days and last 2 weeks
- fairly "normal" for most women to experience the "blues"
moderate
- more bad days than good, worse in the evening
- fatigue, decreased libido
- loss of appetite
,- sleep disturbances
- irritability
- lasts weeks to months
- can impact ability to care for child
postpartum depression risk factors
risk factors for __________ __________:
- previous episodes of partpartum depression, depression, or
anxiety
- social factors: lack of coping skills, lack of support, and
financial burdens
postpartum depression screening
use the Edinburgh postpartum depression screening
can also use the PHQ-9
ask mom how things are - give her time to allow for honesty!!
situational depression
a depressive disorder that lasts less than 6 months in duration
triggered by a stressful life event
screening tools include a PHQ-2 and PHQ-9
*use PHQ-2 first; if yes to the first two questions, proceed to
PHQ-9
PHQ-2, PHQ-9
what are the two screenings that assess for situational
depression? (make sure to question answers if you notice
, behaviors or statements that do not match answers from these
questionnaires)
depression treatments
treatments for _________ include:
- medications
- downside: 4-6 weeks for therapeutic effects
- therapy
- educate about depression, anxiety, coping, etc.
- new outlook on how to see things!
- cognitive behavioral therapy
- changing the way in which one thinks
- state feeling and reason why
- "I" STATEMENTS - "I feel frustrated b/c ..."
- journaling, gratitude journal
- mindfulness
- relaxation therapy
- referral/consult
- light therapy
- group therapy
pharmacology
this type of treatment includes SSRIs, SNRIs, heterocyclic, and
MAOIs
