Chapter 1: Introduction to Cell Biology Exam
questions and Answers
Cell Theory - -Created by Schlseiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
1) All living organisms are composed of cells
2) Cells are the functional and structural unit of life
3) Cells are the simplest unit of life
4) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
-Cells with Nucleus - -Eukaryotic
-Cells without Nucleus - -Prokaryotic
-Cell Unity (All cells exhibit these characteristics) - -1) Store genetic information as DNA
2) Replicate DNA by template polymerization
3) Transcribe genetic information into RNA
4) Translate RNA into proteins
5) Use protein catalysis
6) Regulate genes
7) Require free energy
8) Synthesize biological macromolecules from subunits
9) Enclosed in a plasma membrane
-Prokaryotic Cell Structure - -- Bacteria and Archaea
- No nucleus
- Unicellular
- Tough cell wall
- Small
- Reproduce quickly
- No internal membrane
- DNA in nucleoid (not membrane bound)
- Limited cytoskeleton
-Eukaryotic Cell Structure - -- Plants, animals, and fungi
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Usually larger than prokaryotes
- Some live independently, some live in multicellular assemblies
- Variety of organelles
-Nucleus - -Enclosed by a double membrane (nuclear envelope); has nuclear pores which
allow exchange of material with cytoplasm; contains most of cell's DNA
-Mitochondria - -Enclosed in 2 membranes (outer and inner); inner membrane folds in to
create cristae; produces majority of ATP; reproduce by division
questions and Answers
Cell Theory - -Created by Schlseiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
1) All living organisms are composed of cells
2) Cells are the functional and structural unit of life
3) Cells are the simplest unit of life
4) All cells arise from pre-existing cells
-Cells with Nucleus - -Eukaryotic
-Cells without Nucleus - -Prokaryotic
-Cell Unity (All cells exhibit these characteristics) - -1) Store genetic information as DNA
2) Replicate DNA by template polymerization
3) Transcribe genetic information into RNA
4) Translate RNA into proteins
5) Use protein catalysis
6) Regulate genes
7) Require free energy
8) Synthesize biological macromolecules from subunits
9) Enclosed in a plasma membrane
-Prokaryotic Cell Structure - -- Bacteria and Archaea
- No nucleus
- Unicellular
- Tough cell wall
- Small
- Reproduce quickly
- No internal membrane
- DNA in nucleoid (not membrane bound)
- Limited cytoskeleton
-Eukaryotic Cell Structure - -- Plants, animals, and fungi
- Membrane bound nucleus
- Usually larger than prokaryotes
- Some live independently, some live in multicellular assemblies
- Variety of organelles
-Nucleus - -Enclosed by a double membrane (nuclear envelope); has nuclear pores which
allow exchange of material with cytoplasm; contains most of cell's DNA
-Mitochondria - -Enclosed in 2 membranes (outer and inner); inner membrane folds in to
create cristae; produces majority of ATP; reproduce by division
