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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 9 - Nova 5 vwo/gymnasium scheikunde Leeropdrachtenboek

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Samenvatting hoofdstuk 9 - Nova 5 vwo/gymnasium scheikunde Leeropdrachtenboek

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Hoofdstuk 9


9.1 elektronenoverdracht
Reductor -> staat elektronen af, niet-metalen en atomen met hoge
elektronegativiteit
Oxidator -> neemt elektronen op, atomen met lage elektronegativiteit
Redoxkoppel
- Oxidator wordt na de pijl de geconjugeerde reductor -> die kan als
reductor reageren


9.2 redoxreacties
Standaardelektrodepotentiaal U0
- Hoe hoger, hoe sterker de oxidator en hoe zwakker de reductor
𝛥U = U0 (ox) – U0 (red)
- 𝛥U >> 0 aflopend naar de kant van de reactieproducten
- 𝛥U << 0 aflopend naar de kant van de beginstoffen (niet zichtbaar
verlopen)
De ligging van het evenwicht wordt beïnvloed door de temperatuur en
concentraties van de beginstoffen en reactieproducten

Opstellen redoxreactie
Stap 1: deeltjesinventarisatie
- Opgeloste zouten en sterke zuren worden geïoniseerd genoteerd
- Bij zuur milieu -> H+
- Bij basisch milieu -> OH-
- Bij oplossingen H2O
Stap 2: sterkste ox en sterkste red
Stap 3: ladingbalans
Stap 4: totaalreactie

Corrosie -> verweren van materialen door een chemische reactie ten
gevolge van invloeden uit de omgeving, altijd een redoxreactie
Corrosiegevoeligheid -> waarde van de U0
- Hoe lager hoe hoger de corrosiegevoeligheid
Bescherming tegen corrosie -> schilderen: sluit metaaloppervlak af van de
omgeving, beschermen met ander corroderend materiaal

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