BIO 139 Lecture Test #1 |125 Q’s and A’s
What are the 3 main components of blood? - -Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Plasma
-Physical characteristics of blood. - -red, ph: 7.35, 100 degrees F, 8% body weight
-Bright red blood is - -oxygenated
-Dark red blood is - -deoxygenated
-Functions of blood - -distribution, regulation, protection
-What are formed elements? - -RBC, leukocytes, platelets
-Neutrophils - -fight bacteria, quick acting
-Why aren't RBC and platelets not truly cells? - -they don't have a mitochondria or nucleus
-Factors that made erythrocytes good at what it does? - -small size, large surface area,
97% Hb
-Hemoglobins role - -carries oxygen because heme groups
-What is the major hormone controlling RBC formation in the kidneys? - -Erythroprotein
-Anemia - -low O2 carrying capacity
-Causes of anemia - -insufficient RBC, low Hb count, iron deficiency, abnormal Hb
-What is blood doping? - -injecting RBC to make EPO synthesize RBC
-Blood doping consequences - -high viscosity, temperature, increase blood pressure ,
possibly AIDS
-Normal WBC Count - -4800-10800
-Steps of clotting - -1. Vascular spasm, constriction of blood vessels
2. Platelet plug formation, aggregated at wound site to form a temporary plug
3. Coagulation. blood turns from liquid to gel, fibrin mesh forms
-What is an thrombus? - -clot that develops in a healthy vessel
-What is an embolus? - -thrombus broken free
, -What is an embolism? - -thrombus obstructs a blood vessel
-What is hemophilia? - -hereditary disease, born without genes for clotting, bleed from
subtle traumas, rely on transfusion
-What percent of blood loss can you have before shock and death? - -30%
-Two types of leukocytes - -granulocytes, agranulocytes
-Monocyte - -turn into macrophages when they exit the blood stream and enter peripheral
tissues at site of inflammation
-Leukemias - -immature clone proliferates out of control
-Pericardium - -protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling
-Deep two-layered serous pericardium - -parietal layer lines the internal surface of the
fibrous pericardium, visceral layer on external surface of the hearts, separates by the fluid-
filled pericardial cavity
-What separates the parietal layer and the visceral layer? - -fluid-filled pericardial cavity
-Layers of the heart wall - -1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
-Epicardium - -visceral layer of the serous pericardium
-Myocardium - -spiral bundles of cardiac muscle cells, fibrous skeleton of the heart which
crisscross interlacing layer of connective tissue
-Function of the myocardium - -anchors cardiac muscle fibers, supports great vessels and
valves, limits spread of action potentials to specific paths
-Endocardium - -continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels
-Vessels that enter the right atrium - -superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary
sinus
-vessels that enter the left atrium - -right and left pulmonary veins
-Vessels leaving the right ventricle - -pulmonary trunk
-Vessels leaving the left ventricle - -Aorta
What are the 3 main components of blood? - -Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Plasma
-Physical characteristics of blood. - -red, ph: 7.35, 100 degrees F, 8% body weight
-Bright red blood is - -oxygenated
-Dark red blood is - -deoxygenated
-Functions of blood - -distribution, regulation, protection
-What are formed elements? - -RBC, leukocytes, platelets
-Neutrophils - -fight bacteria, quick acting
-Why aren't RBC and platelets not truly cells? - -they don't have a mitochondria or nucleus
-Factors that made erythrocytes good at what it does? - -small size, large surface area,
97% Hb
-Hemoglobins role - -carries oxygen because heme groups
-What is the major hormone controlling RBC formation in the kidneys? - -Erythroprotein
-Anemia - -low O2 carrying capacity
-Causes of anemia - -insufficient RBC, low Hb count, iron deficiency, abnormal Hb
-What is blood doping? - -injecting RBC to make EPO synthesize RBC
-Blood doping consequences - -high viscosity, temperature, increase blood pressure ,
possibly AIDS
-Normal WBC Count - -4800-10800
-Steps of clotting - -1. Vascular spasm, constriction of blood vessels
2. Platelet plug formation, aggregated at wound site to form a temporary plug
3. Coagulation. blood turns from liquid to gel, fibrin mesh forms
-What is an thrombus? - -clot that develops in a healthy vessel
-What is an embolus? - -thrombus broken free
, -What is an embolism? - -thrombus obstructs a blood vessel
-What is hemophilia? - -hereditary disease, born without genes for clotting, bleed from
subtle traumas, rely on transfusion
-What percent of blood loss can you have before shock and death? - -30%
-Two types of leukocytes - -granulocytes, agranulocytes
-Monocyte - -turn into macrophages when they exit the blood stream and enter peripheral
tissues at site of inflammation
-Leukemias - -immature clone proliferates out of control
-Pericardium - -protects, anchors, and prevents overfilling
-Deep two-layered serous pericardium - -parietal layer lines the internal surface of the
fibrous pericardium, visceral layer on external surface of the hearts, separates by the fluid-
filled pericardial cavity
-What separates the parietal layer and the visceral layer? - -fluid-filled pericardial cavity
-Layers of the heart wall - -1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
-Epicardium - -visceral layer of the serous pericardium
-Myocardium - -spiral bundles of cardiac muscle cells, fibrous skeleton of the heart which
crisscross interlacing layer of connective tissue
-Function of the myocardium - -anchors cardiac muscle fibers, supports great vessels and
valves, limits spread of action potentials to specific paths
-Endocardium - -continuous with endothelial lining of blood vessels
-Vessels that enter the right atrium - -superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary
sinus
-vessels that enter the left atrium - -right and left pulmonary veins
-Vessels leaving the right ventricle - -pulmonary trunk
-Vessels leaving the left ventricle - -Aorta
