1
LIVING ENVIRONMENT REGENTS STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FINAL EXAM 2025
Observation - -answer--What is seen or measured.
Inference - -answer--A conclusion based on observation or evidence.
Hypothesis - -answer--An untested prediction. A good hypothesis states both cause and effect.
Theory - -answer--A broad explanation of natural events that is supported by strong evidence.
Controlled Experiment - -answer--Compares the results of an experiment between two or more
groups.
Experimental Group - -answer--Group being tested or receiving treatment.
Control Group - -answer--"Normal" group. Should be identical to experimental group in every
way except one: it does not receive the treatment.
Placebo - -answer--A sugar pill or other "fake" treatment given to the control group so subjects
do not know which one they are in.
Independent Variable - -answer--Variable that is being tested. In a graph the independent
varible is always plotted on the X axis.
Dependent Variable - -answer--Variable that is measured at the end of an experiment; The
dependent variable is always plotted on the Y axis.
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,2
Characteristics of a Good Experiment (7) - -answer--1. Can be repeated by anyone and get the
same results.
2. Have large sample size/many test subjects.
3. Are performed for longer periods of time.
4. Test only one variable.
5. Are peer reviewed- examined by several scientists to determine its accuracy.
6. Does not have to agree with the hypothesis-A scientist's guess is allowed to be incorrect--and
usually is.
7. Is objective- the experiment and conclusion are fair and unbiased. Fact and opinion are not
mixed.
Basic Life Functions (7) to Maintain Homeostasis - -answer--1. Nutrition
2. Excretion
3. Transport
4. Respiration
5. Growth
6. Synthesis
7. Regulation
Autotrophs vs. Heterotophs - -answer--AeroAutotrophs are organisms that make their own
food, while heterotrophs eat other organisms.
Photosynthesis - -answer--Carried out by plants, alga, and blue-green bacteria (autotrophs). It
takes the radiant energy of the sun and puts it in the bonds of sugar molecules. Photosynthesis
occurs mostly in the chloroplast of plant cells.
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,3
Stomates - -answer--Small holes in the leaves of plants, that let them exchange the gasses used
in photosynthesis.
Guard Cells - -answer--Open up and close the stomates in plants.
Respiration - -answer--Organisms get energy by breaking up the bonds of sugar molecules. The
released energy is used to make a molecule of ATP.
ATP - -answer--(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their
work.
Aerobic Respiration - -answer--Requires oxygen, and yields more ATP for a molecule of sugar
than anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic Respiration - -answer--Respiration that does not require oxygen. Does not yield as
much ATP for a molecule of sugar as aerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis vs. Aerobic Respiration - -answer--They are opposite reactions! They are also
important in cycling oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and water through the environment.
Diffusion - -answer--The movement of molecules from high concentrations to low
concentrations. Requires no energy (passive transport)
Active Transport - -answer--Requires the use of energy, usually moving molecules from low
concentrations to high concentrations (against the flow of diffusion.
Osmosis - -answer--Diffusion of water into or out of the cell.If water diffuses into the cell, the
cell swells (gets larger) and may burst. If it loses water (being put in salt water for example) it
will shrivel up.
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Regulation - -answer--Coordination and control of other life functions.
Stimulus - -answer--Change in the environment that you respond to.
Neuron - -answer--Nerve cell.
Impulse - -answer--Electrical signal carried by the nerves.
Neurotransmitters - -answer--Chemicals that help carry out impulses.
Hormone - -answer--Chemical signal secreted by different glands in the body. Examples include
insulin, adrenaline, testosterone, and estrogen.
Receptor Molecules - -answer--Proteins on the surface of the cell membrane that receive signals
from the nervous and endocrine system. These are needed for your cells to communicate and
work together.
CHON - -answer--Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen. They are the most common elements in
living things.
Organic Compounds - -answer--Have Carbon AND Hydrogen. Organic molecules are larger than
inorganic molecules.
Carbohydrates - -answer--Sugars and starches. All carbohydrates are made from simple sugars
like glucose, and they supply energy.
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LIVING ENVIRONMENT REGENTS STUDY GUIDE EXAM WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS BEST GRADED A+ FINAL EXAM 2025
Observation - -answer--What is seen or measured.
Inference - -answer--A conclusion based on observation or evidence.
Hypothesis - -answer--An untested prediction. A good hypothesis states both cause and effect.
Theory - -answer--A broad explanation of natural events that is supported by strong evidence.
Controlled Experiment - -answer--Compares the results of an experiment between two or more
groups.
Experimental Group - -answer--Group being tested or receiving treatment.
Control Group - -answer--"Normal" group. Should be identical to experimental group in every
way except one: it does not receive the treatment.
Placebo - -answer--A sugar pill or other "fake" treatment given to the control group so subjects
do not know which one they are in.
Independent Variable - -answer--Variable that is being tested. In a graph the independent
varible is always plotted on the X axis.
Dependent Variable - -answer--Variable that is measured at the end of an experiment; The
dependent variable is always plotted on the Y axis.
1
,2
Characteristics of a Good Experiment (7) - -answer--1. Can be repeated by anyone and get the
same results.
2. Have large sample size/many test subjects.
3. Are performed for longer periods of time.
4. Test only one variable.
5. Are peer reviewed- examined by several scientists to determine its accuracy.
6. Does not have to agree with the hypothesis-A scientist's guess is allowed to be incorrect--and
usually is.
7. Is objective- the experiment and conclusion are fair and unbiased. Fact and opinion are not
mixed.
Basic Life Functions (7) to Maintain Homeostasis - -answer--1. Nutrition
2. Excretion
3. Transport
4. Respiration
5. Growth
6. Synthesis
7. Regulation
Autotrophs vs. Heterotophs - -answer--AeroAutotrophs are organisms that make their own
food, while heterotrophs eat other organisms.
Photosynthesis - -answer--Carried out by plants, alga, and blue-green bacteria (autotrophs). It
takes the radiant energy of the sun and puts it in the bonds of sugar molecules. Photosynthesis
occurs mostly in the chloroplast of plant cells.
2
,3
Stomates - -answer--Small holes in the leaves of plants, that let them exchange the gasses used
in photosynthesis.
Guard Cells - -answer--Open up and close the stomates in plants.
Respiration - -answer--Organisms get energy by breaking up the bonds of sugar molecules. The
released energy is used to make a molecule of ATP.
ATP - -answer--(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their
work.
Aerobic Respiration - -answer--Requires oxygen, and yields more ATP for a molecule of sugar
than anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic Respiration - -answer--Respiration that does not require oxygen. Does not yield as
much ATP for a molecule of sugar as aerobic respiration.
Photosynthesis vs. Aerobic Respiration - -answer--They are opposite reactions! They are also
important in cycling oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and water through the environment.
Diffusion - -answer--The movement of molecules from high concentrations to low
concentrations. Requires no energy (passive transport)
Active Transport - -answer--Requires the use of energy, usually moving molecules from low
concentrations to high concentrations (against the flow of diffusion.
Osmosis - -answer--Diffusion of water into or out of the cell.If water diffuses into the cell, the
cell swells (gets larger) and may burst. If it loses water (being put in salt water for example) it
will shrivel up.
3
, 4
Regulation - -answer--Coordination and control of other life functions.
Stimulus - -answer--Change in the environment that you respond to.
Neuron - -answer--Nerve cell.
Impulse - -answer--Electrical signal carried by the nerves.
Neurotransmitters - -answer--Chemicals that help carry out impulses.
Hormone - -answer--Chemical signal secreted by different glands in the body. Examples include
insulin, adrenaline, testosterone, and estrogen.
Receptor Molecules - -answer--Proteins on the surface of the cell membrane that receive signals
from the nervous and endocrine system. These are needed for your cells to communicate and
work together.
CHON - -answer--Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen. They are the most common elements in
living things.
Organic Compounds - -answer--Have Carbon AND Hydrogen. Organic molecules are larger than
inorganic molecules.
Carbohydrates - -answer--Sugars and starches. All carbohydrates are made from simple sugars
like glucose, and they supply energy.
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