BIO 139 - Endocrine System Test | Questions and
Answers
Nervous system - -is precise (can activate a single nerve fiber to contract) and has rapid
communication and recovery from effects.
-Endocrine system - -is broad (gland is stimulated and hormone circulates throughout
entire body in the blood and eventually interacts with target cells) and has slower
communication and recovery from effects.
-The _____ system can tell a muscle to contract and the _____ system can tell a muscle to
grow. - -nervous, endocrine
-How do the nervous and endocrine systems work together? - -the endocrine system
works with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of cells. The
endocrine system responds more slowly than the nervous system but its affects last longer
and are more widespread. they both influence growth, production, and metabolism.
-Endocrine glands (secrete hormones) - --ductless
-hormones travel long distances in the bloodstream
-Exocrine glands (ex: sweat, earwax, pancreatic secretions, etc.) - --have ducts that they
release secretions through
-secrete fluids, oils, and others (earwax, etc.)
-secretions travel short distances from one body surface to another (not just outside the
body)
-Protein hormones are: - --hydrophilic
-transported through the blood freely
-shorter half life (may be broken down or removed from the blood in minutes)
-Steroids (and thyroid) hormones are: - --hydrophobic
-transported through blood with a transport protein
-prolonged half life due to protection from transport protein (may circulate in blood for
hours or weeks)
-Protein hormones interact with cells by - -binding to surface receptors on the outside of a
cell, which activate second-messenger systems on the inside of the cell. A hormone can only
bind to a receptor that is specific to them.
-Steroid hormones interact with cells by - -entering the target cell and acting directly on
the genes, changing the cell's physiology. Most go directly to the nucleus to do this. Because
of this process of changing the target cell's genes, steroid hormones typically require
several hours or days to show an effect.
, -When the hormonal signal is turned off after the hormones have served their purpose, the
hormone is cleared from the bloodstream by: - --being degraded by enzyme
-kidneys (peed out)
-liver
-half-life (the time required for a hormone's blood level to decrease by half)
-Where is the hypothalamus located? - -in the brain, anterior to the optic chiasm
-The pituitary gland is the _____ _____ of the body and controls most endocrine glands in the
body. The hypothalamus is part of the nervous system and controls the _____ _____. - -master
gland; pituitary gland
-Where is the pituitary gland located? - -The pituitary gland lies in the sella turcica of the
spenoid bone attached to the infunibullum (stalk)
-The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is made of _____ _____ and develops from _____ - -
gland tissue (epithelial tissue); a piece of tissue (hypophyseal pouch) separates from the
pharynx and becomes the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
-The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is made of _____ _____ and develops from _____ -
-nerve tissue (basically a modified piece of brain tissue used as a gland); a piece of tissue
(neurohypophyseal bud) separates from the hypothalamus and becomes the posterior lobe
of the pituitary gland.
-The hypothalamus uses neurons to control the posterior pituitary by the _____-_____ tract,
which is the axons traveling down the stalk into the posterior pituitary. - -hypothalamo-
hypophyseal tract.
-The hypothalamus uses the _____-_____ portal system to control the anterior pituitary. - -
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
-The hypothalamus uses _____ hormone to stimulate the pituitary gland - -releasing
-Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system - -A vascular system that allows the
hypothalamus to control the adenohypophysis by transporting releasing and inhibiting
hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus makes
hormones and transports them to the ant. pit.
-Hormones secreted from the adenohypophysis (ant. pit.): - --Prolactin
-Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-Gonadotropins
-Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
-Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-Growth hormone (GH)
Answers
Nervous system - -is precise (can activate a single nerve fiber to contract) and has rapid
communication and recovery from effects.
-Endocrine system - -is broad (gland is stimulated and hormone circulates throughout
entire body in the blood and eventually interacts with target cells) and has slower
communication and recovery from effects.
-The _____ system can tell a muscle to contract and the _____ system can tell a muscle to
grow. - -nervous, endocrine
-How do the nervous and endocrine systems work together? - -the endocrine system
works with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate the activity of cells. The
endocrine system responds more slowly than the nervous system but its affects last longer
and are more widespread. they both influence growth, production, and metabolism.
-Endocrine glands (secrete hormones) - --ductless
-hormones travel long distances in the bloodstream
-Exocrine glands (ex: sweat, earwax, pancreatic secretions, etc.) - --have ducts that they
release secretions through
-secrete fluids, oils, and others (earwax, etc.)
-secretions travel short distances from one body surface to another (not just outside the
body)
-Protein hormones are: - --hydrophilic
-transported through the blood freely
-shorter half life (may be broken down or removed from the blood in minutes)
-Steroids (and thyroid) hormones are: - --hydrophobic
-transported through blood with a transport protein
-prolonged half life due to protection from transport protein (may circulate in blood for
hours or weeks)
-Protein hormones interact with cells by - -binding to surface receptors on the outside of a
cell, which activate second-messenger systems on the inside of the cell. A hormone can only
bind to a receptor that is specific to them.
-Steroid hormones interact with cells by - -entering the target cell and acting directly on
the genes, changing the cell's physiology. Most go directly to the nucleus to do this. Because
of this process of changing the target cell's genes, steroid hormones typically require
several hours or days to show an effect.
, -When the hormonal signal is turned off after the hormones have served their purpose, the
hormone is cleared from the bloodstream by: - --being degraded by enzyme
-kidneys (peed out)
-liver
-half-life (the time required for a hormone's blood level to decrease by half)
-Where is the hypothalamus located? - -in the brain, anterior to the optic chiasm
-The pituitary gland is the _____ _____ of the body and controls most endocrine glands in the
body. The hypothalamus is part of the nervous system and controls the _____ _____. - -master
gland; pituitary gland
-Where is the pituitary gland located? - -The pituitary gland lies in the sella turcica of the
spenoid bone attached to the infunibullum (stalk)
-The adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) is made of _____ _____ and develops from _____ - -
gland tissue (epithelial tissue); a piece of tissue (hypophyseal pouch) separates from the
pharynx and becomes the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
-The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) is made of _____ _____ and develops from _____ -
-nerve tissue (basically a modified piece of brain tissue used as a gland); a piece of tissue
(neurohypophyseal bud) separates from the hypothalamus and becomes the posterior lobe
of the pituitary gland.
-The hypothalamus uses neurons to control the posterior pituitary by the _____-_____ tract,
which is the axons traveling down the stalk into the posterior pituitary. - -hypothalamo-
hypophyseal tract.
-The hypothalamus uses the _____-_____ portal system to control the anterior pituitary. - -
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
-The hypothalamus uses _____ hormone to stimulate the pituitary gland - -releasing
-Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system - -A vascular system that allows the
hypothalamus to control the adenohypophysis by transporting releasing and inhibiting
hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary. The hypothalamus makes
hormones and transports them to the ant. pit.
-Hormones secreted from the adenohypophysis (ant. pit.): - --Prolactin
-Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
-Gonadotropins
-Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
-Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-Growth hormone (GH)
