AFAA Group Fitness Instructor Test |439 Questions
and Answers
Interrelation of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement - -Kinetic
chain
-brain and spinal cord, coordinates activity of body parts - -Central nervous system
-all nerves branching off spinal cord, extending out to the body - -Peripheral nervous
system
-sense distortion in body tissues - -mechanoreceptors
-mechanoreceptor that senses changes in tension - -Golgi tendon organs
-mechanoreceptor that senses changes in length - -muscle spindles
-cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors - -proprioception
-connect muscle to bone, anchor to produce force, limited blood flow, slow to repair - -
tendons
-individual contractile units, actin and myosin filaments - -sarcomeres
-slow twitch - more aerobic, slower to reach maximal contraction, resistant to fatigue - -
type I muscles
-more anaerobic, produce more speed and strength, faster to fatigue - -type ii muscles
-extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension - -behavioral properties of
muscles
-stabilization muscles - core - -transverse abdominus
-stabilization - core - -multifidus
-stabilization - core - -internal obliques
-stabilization - core - -diaphragm
-stabilization - core - -pelvic floor muscles
-stabilization - core - -external obliques
,-stabilization - core - -quadrates lumborum
-stabilization - core - -psoas major
-stabilization - core - -rectus abdominis
-stabilization - core - -gluteus medius
-stabilization - core - -adductor complex
-movement - core - -latissimus dorsi
-movement - core - -hip flexors
-movement - core - -hamstring complex
-movement - core - -quadriceps
-movement - core - -pectoralis major
-movement - core - -deltoids
-movement - core - -gluteus maximus
-movement- core - -triceps
-movement - core - -biceps
-movement - core - -erector spine
-rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius; knee extension; squat - -
quadriceps: parts, function, and exercise
-semitendinosus, semaimembranosous, biceps femoris; knee flexion, hamstrings curl - -
hamstrings: parts, function, and exercise
-plantar flexion, calf raise - -gastrocnemius: function and exercise
-hip extension and external rotation, lunge (upward phase) - -gluteus maximus: function
and exercise
-spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation; ball crunch - -rectus abdominis: function and
exercise
-shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction; push up - -pectoralis major: function and
exercise
, -shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation; band row - -latissimus dorsi:
function and exercise
-elbow flexion, biceps curl - -biceps: function and exercise
-elbow extension; triceps extension - -triceps: function and exercise
-connect bone to bone, limited blood flow, slow to repair - -ligaments
-skull, rib cage, and vertebral column - -axial skeleton
-bones of upper and lower extremities - -appendicular skeleton
-movement, support, protection, blood production, mineral storage - -skeletal system
functions
-no joint cavity or connective tissue, little to no movement (e.g., sutures of the skull) - -
non-synovial joint
-produces synovial fluid, has joint cavity and connective tissue (gliding, condyloid, hinge,
saddle, pivot, ball-and-socket) - -synovial joint
-synovial; no axis of rotation, slides side-to-side, back and forth (e.g., carpals of the hand) -
-gliding joint
-synovial; condyles of one bone fit elliptical cavities of another, one plane of motion (e.g.,
knee) - -condyloid joint
-synovial; uniaxial; one plane of motion (e.g., elbow) - -hinge joint
-synovial; one bone fits like a saddle on another; two planes of motion (sagittal, frontal)
(thumbs are only ones in body) - -saddle joint
-synovial; one axis, transverse plane movement (e.g., radioulnar) - -pivot joint
-synovial; most mobile, all three planes of motion (e.g., shoulder) - -ball-and-socket
-lumbar - L1-L5
thoracic - T1-T12
cervical - C1-C7 - -vertebrae
-reduces bone mass loss and increases bone mineral density - -Exercise's effect on bones
-atria (right and left), ventricles (right and left), sinoatrial node, arteries, veins, stroke
volume, heart rate, functions of blood, respiratory pump - -Structures of the heart
and Answers
Interrelation of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems to create movement - -Kinetic
chain
-brain and spinal cord, coordinates activity of body parts - -Central nervous system
-all nerves branching off spinal cord, extending out to the body - -Peripheral nervous
system
-sense distortion in body tissues - -mechanoreceptors
-mechanoreceptor that senses changes in tension - -Golgi tendon organs
-mechanoreceptor that senses changes in length - -muscle spindles
-cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors - -proprioception
-connect muscle to bone, anchor to produce force, limited blood flow, slow to repair - -
tendons
-individual contractile units, actin and myosin filaments - -sarcomeres
-slow twitch - more aerobic, slower to reach maximal contraction, resistant to fatigue - -
type I muscles
-more anaerobic, produce more speed and strength, faster to fatigue - -type ii muscles
-extensibility, elasticity, irritability, ability to develop tension - -behavioral properties of
muscles
-stabilization muscles - core - -transverse abdominus
-stabilization - core - -multifidus
-stabilization - core - -internal obliques
-stabilization - core - -diaphragm
-stabilization - core - -pelvic floor muscles
-stabilization - core - -external obliques
,-stabilization - core - -quadrates lumborum
-stabilization - core - -psoas major
-stabilization - core - -rectus abdominis
-stabilization - core - -gluteus medius
-stabilization - core - -adductor complex
-movement - core - -latissimus dorsi
-movement - core - -hip flexors
-movement - core - -hamstring complex
-movement - core - -quadriceps
-movement - core - -pectoralis major
-movement - core - -deltoids
-movement - core - -gluteus maximus
-movement- core - -triceps
-movement - core - -biceps
-movement - core - -erector spine
-rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius; knee extension; squat - -
quadriceps: parts, function, and exercise
-semitendinosus, semaimembranosous, biceps femoris; knee flexion, hamstrings curl - -
hamstrings: parts, function, and exercise
-plantar flexion, calf raise - -gastrocnemius: function and exercise
-hip extension and external rotation, lunge (upward phase) - -gluteus maximus: function
and exercise
-spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation; ball crunch - -rectus abdominis: function and
exercise
-shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction; push up - -pectoralis major: function and
exercise
, -shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation; band row - -latissimus dorsi:
function and exercise
-elbow flexion, biceps curl - -biceps: function and exercise
-elbow extension; triceps extension - -triceps: function and exercise
-connect bone to bone, limited blood flow, slow to repair - -ligaments
-skull, rib cage, and vertebral column - -axial skeleton
-bones of upper and lower extremities - -appendicular skeleton
-movement, support, protection, blood production, mineral storage - -skeletal system
functions
-no joint cavity or connective tissue, little to no movement (e.g., sutures of the skull) - -
non-synovial joint
-produces synovial fluid, has joint cavity and connective tissue (gliding, condyloid, hinge,
saddle, pivot, ball-and-socket) - -synovial joint
-synovial; no axis of rotation, slides side-to-side, back and forth (e.g., carpals of the hand) -
-gliding joint
-synovial; condyles of one bone fit elliptical cavities of another, one plane of motion (e.g.,
knee) - -condyloid joint
-synovial; uniaxial; one plane of motion (e.g., elbow) - -hinge joint
-synovial; one bone fits like a saddle on another; two planes of motion (sagittal, frontal)
(thumbs are only ones in body) - -saddle joint
-synovial; one axis, transverse plane movement (e.g., radioulnar) - -pivot joint
-synovial; most mobile, all three planes of motion (e.g., shoulder) - -ball-and-socket
-lumbar - L1-L5
thoracic - T1-T12
cervical - C1-C7 - -vertebrae
-reduces bone mass loss and increases bone mineral density - -Exercise's effect on bones
-atria (right and left), ventricles (right and left), sinoatrial node, arteries, veins, stroke
volume, heart rate, functions of blood, respiratory pump - -Structures of the heart
