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An infant with cleft lip and palate, wide anterior fontanelle, distal phalange hypoplasia,
microcephaly, and cardiac anomalies was likely exposed to what in utero? -
(ANSWERS)antiepileptic medications (ex. Phenytoin, valproate)
Exposure results in fetal hydantoin syndrome
How should women who take antiepileptics be managed during pregnancy? - (ANSWERS)to
avoid fetal hydantoin syndrome, meds should be titrated to the lowest dose prior to conception
and start them on high dose folic acid supplementation
T/F: cocaine use during pregnancy is not associated with congenital defects - (ANSWERS)True
- but it can cause preterm delivery, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction
Use of lisinopril during pregnancy can cause what fetal complications? - (ANSWERS)fetal renal
failure and associated oligohydramnios resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia, growth restriction,
and limb defects
T/F: fetal alcohol syndrome can present with microcephaly, midfacial hypoplasia, and cleft lip
- (ANSWERS)False - it can present with the first two but it's not associated with cleft lip or palate
What GI infection can mimic appendicitis? What are the two most common causative agents?
- (ANSWERS)infectious ileocecitis aka pseudoappendicitis
T/F: fever rarely occurs with an E coli 0157:H7 infection - (ANSWERS)True
The presentation of vulvar pruritis and fusing of the posterior labia minora is an indication for
what treatment? - (ANSWERS)topical estrogen cream
Labial adhesion is caused by low estrogen production
In a pediatric patient with suspected acute ischemic stroke, what test should be urgently
performed? - (ANSWERS)MR with angiography
What is Todd paralysis? - (ANSWERS)Transient focal deficits following a seizure
Infants should gain approximately [grams/oz] per day for the first 3 months - (ANSWERS)30
grams/1 oz per day for first 3 months
A baby should double their birth weight by [age] and triple it by [age] - (ANSWERS)double it by 4
months, triple is by 12 months
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Height increases by [%] by 12 months of age - (ANSWERS)50%
Patient presenting with bone pain and pancytopenia is concerning for what? - (ANSWERS)acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
The rampant growth of leukemic cells in the bone marrow can result in bone pain, classically in
the long bones
Note: leukocytes may be increased or decreased, you're looking for at least 2 cytopenias
What is the most common malignancy in children? - (ANSWERS)acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL)
A patient experiencing fever, urticarial rash, and arthralgia 5-10 days after starting penicillin is
likely experiencing what? - (ANSWERS)serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR)
A nuclear scintigraphy with technetium 99m pertechnetate would be used to evaluate what
potential cause of iron deficiency anemia? - (ANSWERS)Meckel diverticulum
What causes Meckel diverticulum? - (ANSWERS)failed closure of the vitelline duct
How does tumor lysis syndrome cause acute kidney injury? - (ANSWERS)excess phosphate and
uric acid results in calcium phosphate stones and uric acid stones which cause obstructions
in the renal tubules
In a patient with a history of recurrent pulmonary and cutaneous abscesses, an abscess
showing organism-filled neutrophils on Gram stain would be suggestive of what
immunodeficiency syndrome? - (ANSWERS)chronic granulomatous disease
Impaired phagocytic respiratory burst results in impaired intracellular killing by phagocytes
Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are classically susceptible to which organisms?
- (ANSWERS)catalase-positive organisms (ex. Staph aureus, nocardia, aspergillus)
How is chronic granulomatous disease diagnosed? - (ANSWERS)testing neutrophil oxidative
burst on dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123 or nitroblue tetrazolium test
Magical thinking is a normal phase of cognitive development in children at what age? -
(ANSWERS)age 2-7
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What two other heart defects are associated with tricuspid valve atresia? - (ANSWERS)ASD and
VSD
An infant with central cyanosis, peaked P waves, left axis deviation, and a holosystolic murmur
likely has what condition? - (ANSWERS)Tricuspid valve atresia
Peaked P waves are due to enlarged right atrium, ASD causes the left axis deviation, and VSD
can cause a holosystolic murmur
Exertional dyspnea, evidence of right-sided cardiac enlargement, and a step up in oxygen
saturation from the IVC to the right atrium suggests what? - (ANSWERS)partial anomalous
pulmonary venous return
Some of the pulmonary veins are abnormally draining into right sided circulation instead of into
the left atrium resulting in blood mixing
Seizures in the setting of acute bacterial gastroenteritis should raise concern for what
infection? - (ANSWERS)shigella infection
A newborn who is coughing/vomiting with feeding attempts who also develops coarse lung
sounds and respiratory distress after an attempted feeding should raise concern for what? -
(ANSWERS)tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia
Back pain in a pediatric patient that causes nocturnal awakening, interferes with activity, or
requires frequent analgesics is concerning for what? - (ANSWERS)spinal cord tumor
Patellar tendinitis is an overuse injury due to repetitive [activity] and presents with point
tenderness at [location] - (ANSWERS)repetitive jumping, tenderness at the inferior pole of the
patella
In patients with Osgood-Schlatter disease, examination usually reveals tenderness over
[location] and pain can be reproduced with [activity] - (ANSWERS)tibial tubercle, squatting or
resisted extension of the knee
Why can maternal serum AFP be elevated for a fetus with gastroschisis? -
(ANSWERS)herniation of the uncovered bowel allows AFP to pass through into the amniotic
fluid
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Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is associated with what abdominal wall defect? -
(ANSWERS)omphalocele
Which vaccine is especially important for patients with sickle cell? - (ANSWERS)S pneumoniae
vaccine (conjugate capsular polysaccharide)
Twice daily administration of what prophylactic treatment should be given to sickle cell patients
until the age of 5? - (ANSWERS)penicillin
This population is susceptible to encapsulated bacteria (S pneumoniae, H influenzae, N
meningitidis) due to being functionally hyposplenic from autoinfarction
A child with a history of physical abuse and neglect, social withdrawal, lack of response to
positive affirmation, and emotional outbursts likely has what diagnosis? - (ANSWERS)reactive
attachment disorder (RAD)
A child with a history of abuse or neglect who presents as overfamiliar, even with adults they do
not know, and a lack of appropriate boundary setting suggests what diagnosis? -
(ANSWERS)disinhibited social engagement disorder
Infants of mothers with [condition] are at increased risk of developing a transient form of
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - (ANSWERS)gestational diabetes
An infant with bilious emesis, abdominal distension, leukocytosis, and metabolic acidosis with
imaging showing air in the bowel wall and portal venous air suggests what diagnosis? -
(ANSWERS)necrotizing enterocolitis
Injury to [portion of the brachial plexus] results in extended elbow, pronated forearm, flexed
wrist and fingers, and decreased moro and biceps reflex - (ANSWERS)C5 and C6 (Erb-
Duchenne palsy)
Injury to [portion of the brachial plexus] results in extended wrist, hyperextended MCP joints,
flexed IP joints, absent grasp reflex, ptosis, and miosis - (ANSWERS)C8 and T1 (Klumpke palsy)
What management is warranted for patients with severe vesicoureteral reflux (evidenced by
structural damage)? - (ANSWERS)prophylactic antibiotics
Sudden episodic abdominal pain in a child aged 6-36 months lasting about 15-20 minutes,
lethargy, blood and mucus stools, and abdominal tenderness is suggestive of what? -
(ANSWERS)intussusception
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An infant with cleft lip and palate, wide anterior fontanelle, distal phalange hypoplasia,
microcephaly, and cardiac anomalies was likely exposed to what in utero? -
(ANSWERS)antiepileptic medications (ex. Phenytoin, valproate)
Exposure results in fetal hydantoin syndrome
How should women who take antiepileptics be managed during pregnancy? - (ANSWERS)to
avoid fetal hydantoin syndrome, meds should be titrated to the lowest dose prior to conception
and start them on high dose folic acid supplementation
T/F: cocaine use during pregnancy is not associated with congenital defects - (ANSWERS)True
- but it can cause preterm delivery, placental abruption, and fetal growth restriction
Use of lisinopril during pregnancy can cause what fetal complications? - (ANSWERS)fetal renal
failure and associated oligohydramnios resulting in pulmonary hypoplasia, growth restriction,
and limb defects
T/F: fetal alcohol syndrome can present with microcephaly, midfacial hypoplasia, and cleft lip
- (ANSWERS)False - it can present with the first two but it's not associated with cleft lip or palate
What GI infection can mimic appendicitis? What are the two most common causative agents?
- (ANSWERS)infectious ileocecitis aka pseudoappendicitis
T/F: fever rarely occurs with an E coli 0157:H7 infection - (ANSWERS)True
The presentation of vulvar pruritis and fusing of the posterior labia minora is an indication for
what treatment? - (ANSWERS)topical estrogen cream
Labial adhesion is caused by low estrogen production
In a pediatric patient with suspected acute ischemic stroke, what test should be urgently
performed? - (ANSWERS)MR with angiography
What is Todd paralysis? - (ANSWERS)Transient focal deficits following a seizure
Infants should gain approximately [grams/oz] per day for the first 3 months - (ANSWERS)30
grams/1 oz per day for first 3 months
A baby should double their birth weight by [age] and triple it by [age] - (ANSWERS)double it by 4
months, triple is by 12 months
,Pediatric Comat Exam Test Bank With Complete
Verified Questions And Correct Answers |Already
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Height increases by [%] by 12 months of age - (ANSWERS)50%
Patient presenting with bone pain and pancytopenia is concerning for what? - (ANSWERS)acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
The rampant growth of leukemic cells in the bone marrow can result in bone pain, classically in
the long bones
Note: leukocytes may be increased or decreased, you're looking for at least 2 cytopenias
What is the most common malignancy in children? - (ANSWERS)acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL)
A patient experiencing fever, urticarial rash, and arthralgia 5-10 days after starting penicillin is
likely experiencing what? - (ANSWERS)serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR)
A nuclear scintigraphy with technetium 99m pertechnetate would be used to evaluate what
potential cause of iron deficiency anemia? - (ANSWERS)Meckel diverticulum
What causes Meckel diverticulum? - (ANSWERS)failed closure of the vitelline duct
How does tumor lysis syndrome cause acute kidney injury? - (ANSWERS)excess phosphate and
uric acid results in calcium phosphate stones and uric acid stones which cause obstructions
in the renal tubules
In a patient with a history of recurrent pulmonary and cutaneous abscesses, an abscess
showing organism-filled neutrophils on Gram stain would be suggestive of what
immunodeficiency syndrome? - (ANSWERS)chronic granulomatous disease
Impaired phagocytic respiratory burst results in impaired intracellular killing by phagocytes
Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are classically susceptible to which organisms?
- (ANSWERS)catalase-positive organisms (ex. Staph aureus, nocardia, aspergillus)
How is chronic granulomatous disease diagnosed? - (ANSWERS)testing neutrophil oxidative
burst on dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123 or nitroblue tetrazolium test
Magical thinking is a normal phase of cognitive development in children at what age? -
(ANSWERS)age 2-7
,Pediatric Comat Exam Test Bank With Complete
Verified Questions And Correct Answers |Already
Graded A+||Brand New Guaranteed Pass!!!
What two other heart defects are associated with tricuspid valve atresia? - (ANSWERS)ASD and
VSD
An infant with central cyanosis, peaked P waves, left axis deviation, and a holosystolic murmur
likely has what condition? - (ANSWERS)Tricuspid valve atresia
Peaked P waves are due to enlarged right atrium, ASD causes the left axis deviation, and VSD
can cause a holosystolic murmur
Exertional dyspnea, evidence of right-sided cardiac enlargement, and a step up in oxygen
saturation from the IVC to the right atrium suggests what? - (ANSWERS)partial anomalous
pulmonary venous return
Some of the pulmonary veins are abnormally draining into right sided circulation instead of into
the left atrium resulting in blood mixing
Seizures in the setting of acute bacterial gastroenteritis should raise concern for what
infection? - (ANSWERS)shigella infection
A newborn who is coughing/vomiting with feeding attempts who also develops coarse lung
sounds and respiratory distress after an attempted feeding should raise concern for what? -
(ANSWERS)tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia
Back pain in a pediatric patient that causes nocturnal awakening, interferes with activity, or
requires frequent analgesics is concerning for what? - (ANSWERS)spinal cord tumor
Patellar tendinitis is an overuse injury due to repetitive [activity] and presents with point
tenderness at [location] - (ANSWERS)repetitive jumping, tenderness at the inferior pole of the
patella
In patients with Osgood-Schlatter disease, examination usually reveals tenderness over
[location] and pain can be reproduced with [activity] - (ANSWERS)tibial tubercle, squatting or
resisted extension of the knee
Why can maternal serum AFP be elevated for a fetus with gastroschisis? -
(ANSWERS)herniation of the uncovered bowel allows AFP to pass through into the amniotic
fluid
, Pediatric Comat Exam Test Bank With Complete
Verified Questions And Correct Answers |Already
Graded A+||Brand New Guaranteed Pass!!!
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome is associated with what abdominal wall defect? -
(ANSWERS)omphalocele
Which vaccine is especially important for patients with sickle cell? - (ANSWERS)S pneumoniae
vaccine (conjugate capsular polysaccharide)
Twice daily administration of what prophylactic treatment should be given to sickle cell patients
until the age of 5? - (ANSWERS)penicillin
This population is susceptible to encapsulated bacteria (S pneumoniae, H influenzae, N
meningitidis) due to being functionally hyposplenic from autoinfarction
A child with a history of physical abuse and neglect, social withdrawal, lack of response to
positive affirmation, and emotional outbursts likely has what diagnosis? - (ANSWERS)reactive
attachment disorder (RAD)
A child with a history of abuse or neglect who presents as overfamiliar, even with adults they do
not know, and a lack of appropriate boundary setting suggests what diagnosis? -
(ANSWERS)disinhibited social engagement disorder
Infants of mothers with [condition] are at increased risk of developing a transient form of
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - (ANSWERS)gestational diabetes
An infant with bilious emesis, abdominal distension, leukocytosis, and metabolic acidosis with
imaging showing air in the bowel wall and portal venous air suggests what diagnosis? -
(ANSWERS)necrotizing enterocolitis
Injury to [portion of the brachial plexus] results in extended elbow, pronated forearm, flexed
wrist and fingers, and decreased moro and biceps reflex - (ANSWERS)C5 and C6 (Erb-
Duchenne palsy)
Injury to [portion of the brachial plexus] results in extended wrist, hyperextended MCP joints,
flexed IP joints, absent grasp reflex, ptosis, and miosis - (ANSWERS)C8 and T1 (Klumpke palsy)
What management is warranted for patients with severe vesicoureteral reflux (evidenced by
structural damage)? - (ANSWERS)prophylactic antibiotics
Sudden episodic abdominal pain in a child aged 6-36 months lasting about 15-20 minutes,
lethargy, blood and mucus stools, and abdominal tenderness is suggestive of what? -
(ANSWERS)intussusception
