AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide Exam |
285 Questions and Answers
Myocardial Infarction - -Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary
arteries to the heart muscle
-Ischemia - -lack of blood flow
-Stroke Volume - -the amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole
-Cardiac Output - -heart rate x stroke volume. usually measured in liters (or milileters) of
blood pumped per minute
-Venous Return - -The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins
-Valsalva Maneuver - -occurs when a person holds his or her breath during a strenuous
activity, such as lifting weights or shoveling snow
-Minute Ventilation - -total amount of air breathed per minute
-Residual lung volume - -amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete and total
forced exhale
-Forced vital capacity - -amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inahle
-Total lung capacity - -sum of the residual volume and the forced vital capacity
-Glucose - -body's usable form of carbohydrate
-Lactic Acid - -produced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply
enough oxygen to the tissues
-Glycolysis - -a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a
series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in
the form of ATP
-Mitochondria - -a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place
-Beta oxidation - -A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon
fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
-Krebs cycle - -the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters
into the citric acid cycle
,-Electron transport system - -the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of
ATP
-Maximal oxygen uptake - -the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the
body during an all-out effort to exhaustion
-Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - -additional oxygen consumed immediately
after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising
-Sarcomere - -each section of a myofibril in muscle
-Actin - -structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in
muscle contraction
-Anatomical Position - -standing position with hands down and palms facing forward
-Supine - -lying on the spine
-Prone - -lying face down
-Axial Skeleton - -part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and
sternum
-Synovial joints - -have a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a
greater range of motion
-Cartilage - -a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the joints and
prevents wear on the joint surfaces
-Synovial membrane - -secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication,
and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint
-Bursae - -liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by bony
projections
-Ligament - -band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability.
-Tendon - -dense, fibrous connective tissue that forms the end of a muscle and attaches
muscle to bone
-Fascia - -fibrous connective tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles.
-Circuit Weight Training - -resistance exercises performed one after the other without rest
for approximately 20 minutes
-Muscular Strength - -maximum force a muscle or muscle group can generate at one time
, -Muscle Endurance - -capacity to sustain repeated muscle actions, as in push-ups or sit
ups, or sustain fixed, static muscle actions for an extended period of time
-Muscle Power - -explosive aspect of strength, is the product of strength and speed of
movement
-Muscle Stability - -ability of a muscle or muscle group to stabilize a joint and maintain its
position without movement. (to perform a sustained isometric contraction)
-Muscle hypertrophy - -an increase in the muscle fiber size, specifically an increased cross-
sectional area resulting from increased myofibrilis
-Overload Principle - -increasing the intensity (resistance), frequency, or duration of the
training above the levels normally expected
-Specificity - -specific adaptions in the metabolic and neuromuscular systems depending
on the type of program or exercises that are performed
-Volume - -total number of repetitions performed multiplied by the total amount of
weight, or resistance, used during a single training session. (Reps x Weight = Volume)
-Progressive resistance exercise - -resistance must be gradually, progressively increased
as the muscles adapt to a given exercise
-Periodization - -variations in the training program over the course of several months or a
year, that help to improve performance and prevent injury, staleness, and burnout
-Plateau - -a point where further increases in strength become difficult and progress
seems to stop
-Single-Set System - -basic system ( one set 8-12 reps for each muscle group) that is
widely recommended and used for beginners and those interested in an effective, time
efficient workout
-Multiple-Set system - -consists of 3 to 6 sets of an exercise, usually the same weight load
throughout
-Super-Set System - -any combination of 2 different exercises immediately following one
another without a rest
-Tri-Set System - -3 different exercises immediately following one another
-Dynamic Constant Resistance - -external resistance or weight that does not vary through
the range of motion
285 Questions and Answers
Myocardial Infarction - -Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary
arteries to the heart muscle
-Ischemia - -lack of blood flow
-Stroke Volume - -the amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole
-Cardiac Output - -heart rate x stroke volume. usually measured in liters (or milileters) of
blood pumped per minute
-Venous Return - -The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins
-Valsalva Maneuver - -occurs when a person holds his or her breath during a strenuous
activity, such as lifting weights or shoveling snow
-Minute Ventilation - -total amount of air breathed per minute
-Residual lung volume - -amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete and total
forced exhale
-Forced vital capacity - -amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inahle
-Total lung capacity - -sum of the residual volume and the forced vital capacity
-Glucose - -body's usable form of carbohydrate
-Lactic Acid - -produced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply
enough oxygen to the tissues
-Glycolysis - -a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a
series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in
the form of ATP
-Mitochondria - -a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place
-Beta oxidation - -A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon
fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
-Krebs cycle - -the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters
into the citric acid cycle
,-Electron transport system - -the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of
ATP
-Maximal oxygen uptake - -the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the
body during an all-out effort to exhaustion
-Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - -additional oxygen consumed immediately
after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising
-Sarcomere - -each section of a myofibril in muscle
-Actin - -structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in
muscle contraction
-Anatomical Position - -standing position with hands down and palms facing forward
-Supine - -lying on the spine
-Prone - -lying face down
-Axial Skeleton - -part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and
sternum
-Synovial joints - -have a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a
greater range of motion
-Cartilage - -a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the joints and
prevents wear on the joint surfaces
-Synovial membrane - -secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication,
and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint
-Bursae - -liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by bony
projections
-Ligament - -band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability.
-Tendon - -dense, fibrous connective tissue that forms the end of a muscle and attaches
muscle to bone
-Fascia - -fibrous connective tissue that forms sheaths for individual muscles.
-Circuit Weight Training - -resistance exercises performed one after the other without rest
for approximately 20 minutes
-Muscular Strength - -maximum force a muscle or muscle group can generate at one time
, -Muscle Endurance - -capacity to sustain repeated muscle actions, as in push-ups or sit
ups, or sustain fixed, static muscle actions for an extended period of time
-Muscle Power - -explosive aspect of strength, is the product of strength and speed of
movement
-Muscle Stability - -ability of a muscle or muscle group to stabilize a joint and maintain its
position without movement. (to perform a sustained isometric contraction)
-Muscle hypertrophy - -an increase in the muscle fiber size, specifically an increased cross-
sectional area resulting from increased myofibrilis
-Overload Principle - -increasing the intensity (resistance), frequency, or duration of the
training above the levels normally expected
-Specificity - -specific adaptions in the metabolic and neuromuscular systems depending
on the type of program or exercises that are performed
-Volume - -total number of repetitions performed multiplied by the total amount of
weight, or resistance, used during a single training session. (Reps x Weight = Volume)
-Progressive resistance exercise - -resistance must be gradually, progressively increased
as the muscles adapt to a given exercise
-Periodization - -variations in the training program over the course of several months or a
year, that help to improve performance and prevent injury, staleness, and burnout
-Plateau - -a point where further increases in strength become difficult and progress
seems to stop
-Single-Set System - -basic system ( one set 8-12 reps for each muscle group) that is
widely recommended and used for beginners and those interested in an effective, time
efficient workout
-Multiple-Set system - -consists of 3 to 6 sets of an exercise, usually the same weight load
throughout
-Super-Set System - -any combination of 2 different exercises immediately following one
another without a rest
-Tri-Set System - -3 different exercises immediately following one another
-Dynamic Constant Resistance - -external resistance or weight that does not vary through
the range of motion
