C180-Introduction to Psychology Exam |200 Q’s and A’s
Psychology - -scientific study of the mind and behavior
-Mind - -the nonphysical manifestation of the brain's activity
-Behavior - -The outwardly observable acts of a person, either alone or in a group.
-Structuralism - -a school of psychology concerned with analyzing the mind by looking at
its smallest and simplest components and seeing how they fit together to form complete
experiences.
-consciousness - -the state of being aware of self and the world.
-introspection - -the technique of observing interior mental events as or immediately after
they occur
-Functionalism - -A school of thought in psychology that sought to understand how the
mind helps individuals adapt to the world around them and function effectively in it.
-natural selection - -the theory that some individual organisms in every species, from ants
to oak trees, possess characteristics that enable them to survive and reproduce more
fruitfully than others.
-adaptation - -inborn characteristics that help an organism survive and produce many
offspring.
-Gesalt psychologists - -psychologists who focus on the macro psychology of the behavior
of the whole rather than the micro view of the parts
-Gestalt Laws: Similarity - -items that are similar, our brains group together
-Gestalt laws of pragnanz - -reality is organized into the simplest form possible
-Gestalt Laws: Proximity - -objects that are close to one another are grouped together.
-Gestalt Laws: Continuity - -lines are seen as following the smoothest path.
-Gestalt Laws: Closure - -objects grouped together are seen as a whole.
-unconscious - -the condition of being unaware of the outside world and unable to bring
oneself into awareness at will.
-defensive mechanisms - -unconscious psychological strategies that protect a person from
anxiety based on unacceptable thoughts or feelings.
, -psychodynamic theory - -A psychological theory that specifies that mental events are
engaged in continual push-and-pull interactions among conscious and unconscious
thoughts and feelings; the goal is enlightenment on how such interactions affect behavior.
-humanistic psychology - -a school of thought in psychology that assumes people have
positive values, free will, and deep inner creativity.
-cognitive psychology - -a school of thought in psychology that attempts to characterize
mental events that allow information to be stored and operated on internally.
-According to psycho-dynamic psychology, depression is a result of - -suppressed
aggressive drives
-Who was a key figure of the behaviorist school of psychological thought? - -B.F. Skinner
-Who was a key figure in the development of psychoanalysis? - -Sigmund Freud
-Which level of need must be met before the need for belongingness and love can be
satisfied, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? - -Physiological
-Suppose there is a positive correlation between age and life satisfaction.What conclusion
does the correlation support? - -As age increases, the level of life satisfaction also
increases.
-How can psychological researchers reduce the impact of their own biases? - -By collecting
all the data from experiments before running the statistics
-Phineas Gage was involved in a serious railway construction accident in 1848. A steel rod
went through his left cheek and exited through the top of his head. After he recovered,
people who knew him noticed that his personality and behavior were different. Eventually,
descriptions of Gage before and after the accident provided evidence that the frontal lobe is
involved in executive functioning.Which research method does the study of Gage
represent? - -Case study
-Which principle should be established in any psychological study? - -Participants should
be protected from needless harm.
-Which part of the brain is responsible for memory? - -hippocampus
-What does the cerebellum influence? - -Balance and fine motor movement
-What does the hypothalamus influence? - -Pleasure
-What does the hippocampus influence? - -Memory
Psychology - -scientific study of the mind and behavior
-Mind - -the nonphysical manifestation of the brain's activity
-Behavior - -The outwardly observable acts of a person, either alone or in a group.
-Structuralism - -a school of psychology concerned with analyzing the mind by looking at
its smallest and simplest components and seeing how they fit together to form complete
experiences.
-consciousness - -the state of being aware of self and the world.
-introspection - -the technique of observing interior mental events as or immediately after
they occur
-Functionalism - -A school of thought in psychology that sought to understand how the
mind helps individuals adapt to the world around them and function effectively in it.
-natural selection - -the theory that some individual organisms in every species, from ants
to oak trees, possess characteristics that enable them to survive and reproduce more
fruitfully than others.
-adaptation - -inborn characteristics that help an organism survive and produce many
offspring.
-Gesalt psychologists - -psychologists who focus on the macro psychology of the behavior
of the whole rather than the micro view of the parts
-Gestalt Laws: Similarity - -items that are similar, our brains group together
-Gestalt laws of pragnanz - -reality is organized into the simplest form possible
-Gestalt Laws: Proximity - -objects that are close to one another are grouped together.
-Gestalt Laws: Continuity - -lines are seen as following the smoothest path.
-Gestalt Laws: Closure - -objects grouped together are seen as a whole.
-unconscious - -the condition of being unaware of the outside world and unable to bring
oneself into awareness at will.
-defensive mechanisms - -unconscious psychological strategies that protect a person from
anxiety based on unacceptable thoughts or feelings.
, -psychodynamic theory - -A psychological theory that specifies that mental events are
engaged in continual push-and-pull interactions among conscious and unconscious
thoughts and feelings; the goal is enlightenment on how such interactions affect behavior.
-humanistic psychology - -a school of thought in psychology that assumes people have
positive values, free will, and deep inner creativity.
-cognitive psychology - -a school of thought in psychology that attempts to characterize
mental events that allow information to be stored and operated on internally.
-According to psycho-dynamic psychology, depression is a result of - -suppressed
aggressive drives
-Who was a key figure of the behaviorist school of psychological thought? - -B.F. Skinner
-Who was a key figure in the development of psychoanalysis? - -Sigmund Freud
-Which level of need must be met before the need for belongingness and love can be
satisfied, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? - -Physiological
-Suppose there is a positive correlation between age and life satisfaction.What conclusion
does the correlation support? - -As age increases, the level of life satisfaction also
increases.
-How can psychological researchers reduce the impact of their own biases? - -By collecting
all the data from experiments before running the statistics
-Phineas Gage was involved in a serious railway construction accident in 1848. A steel rod
went through his left cheek and exited through the top of his head. After he recovered,
people who knew him noticed that his personality and behavior were different. Eventually,
descriptions of Gage before and after the accident provided evidence that the frontal lobe is
involved in executive functioning.Which research method does the study of Gage
represent? - -Case study
-Which principle should be established in any psychological study? - -Participants should
be protected from needless harm.
-Which part of the brain is responsible for memory? - -hippocampus
-What does the cerebellum influence? - -Balance and fine motor movement
-What does the hypothalamus influence? - -Pleasure
-What does the hippocampus influence? - -Memory
