NTR 454/554 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Which of the following are included in the "Five Freedoms" that describe an animal's fundamental
needs?
Select one or more:
a.Freedom from fear and distress
b.Freedom from death other than natural causes
c.Freedom from discomfort
d.Freedom to organize and strike
e.Freedom to engage in normal patterns of animal behavior
f.Freedom to roam without barriers
g.Freedom from Thirst, hunger and malnutrition
h.Freedom from pain, injury, and disease - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Freedom from Thirst, hunger and
malnutrition, Freedom from discomfort, Freedom from pain, injury, and disease, Freedom from fear and
distress, Freedom to engage in normal patterns of animal behavior
_______________ is the material received during the first few milkings that is held back from the
market and fed to the calves.
a. Colostrum
b. Dilute milk
c. Areola
d. Sweet milk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. Colostrum
The primary source of carbohydrate in cow's milk is ______________.
a. Oligosaccharides
b. Maltose
c. Sucrose
d. Lactose - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅d. Lactose
,Which of the following components is NOT found predominantly in the aqueous (water-soluble) phase
of the milk?
a. Vitamin A
b. alpha-lactalbumin
c. Vitamin C
d. Sodium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. Vitamin A
The cells responsible for *milk secretion* are the _____________.
a. myoepithelial cells
b. secretory vesicles
c. secretion cells
d. epithelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅d. epithelial cells
Jessica and James recently had a baby named Sarah who was born prematurely at 28 weeks of
gestation. Sarah is being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit and is being fed her mother's own
milk. How is Jessica's milk specially tailored for Sarah's nutritional needs during this time of prematurity?
a. There is no difference between Jessica's milk and milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at
term.
b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and calories than milk from a
mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
c. The milk has higher levels of lactose and fat and lower calories than milk from a mother who gave
birth to a baby at term.
d. The milk has lower calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term because
premature infants do not require as dense a nutrient source as a term infant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅b.
The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and calories than milk from a mother
who gave birth to a baby at term.
,Milk is produced and stored in the ______________.
a. stroma
b. alveoli
c. myoepithilial cells
d. areola - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅b. alveoli
The onset of milk secretion is called _____________.
a. lactogenesis
b. involution
c. lactoferrin
d. mammogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. lactogenesis
(T/F) - Colostrum contains a higher concentration of immunoglobulins than most later milk. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - Most of the fat in milk is surrounded by a material that closely resembles cell membrane. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - There is a greater abundance of whey proteins in cow's milk than casein proteins. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅False
(T/F) - Cow's milk contains all of the essential amino acids. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - Percent fat content of milk varies with species. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - Water is not a major component of milk. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅False
, (T/F) - During lactation, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals are extracted from the
bloodstream by the mammary gland. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
Maintenance of pregnancy and the development of the milk-secreting cells in the breast - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Progesterone
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
Signals breast to make milk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Prolactin
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
Causes the myoepithelial cells to contract during letdown:
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Oxytocin
Which of the following are included in the "Five Freedoms" that describe an animal's fundamental
needs?
Select one or more:
a.Freedom from fear and distress
b.Freedom from death other than natural causes
c.Freedom from discomfort
d.Freedom to organize and strike
e.Freedom to engage in normal patterns of animal behavior
f.Freedom to roam without barriers
g.Freedom from Thirst, hunger and malnutrition
h.Freedom from pain, injury, and disease - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Freedom from Thirst, hunger and
malnutrition, Freedom from discomfort, Freedom from pain, injury, and disease, Freedom from fear and
distress, Freedom to engage in normal patterns of animal behavior
_______________ is the material received during the first few milkings that is held back from the
market and fed to the calves.
a. Colostrum
b. Dilute milk
c. Areola
d. Sweet milk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. Colostrum
The primary source of carbohydrate in cow's milk is ______________.
a. Oligosaccharides
b. Maltose
c. Sucrose
d. Lactose - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅d. Lactose
,Which of the following components is NOT found predominantly in the aqueous (water-soluble) phase
of the milk?
a. Vitamin A
b. alpha-lactalbumin
c. Vitamin C
d. Sodium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. Vitamin A
The cells responsible for *milk secretion* are the _____________.
a. myoepithelial cells
b. secretory vesicles
c. secretion cells
d. epithelial cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅d. epithelial cells
Jessica and James recently had a baby named Sarah who was born prematurely at 28 weeks of
gestation. Sarah is being cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit and is being fed her mother's own
milk. How is Jessica's milk specially tailored for Sarah's nutritional needs during this time of prematurity?
a. There is no difference between Jessica's milk and milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at
term.
b. The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and calories than milk from a
mother who gave birth to a baby at term.
c. The milk has higher levels of lactose and fat and lower calories than milk from a mother who gave
birth to a baby at term.
d. The milk has lower calories than milk from a mother who gave birth to a baby at term because
premature infants do not require as dense a nutrient source as a term infant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅b.
The milk has higher levels of bioactive factors, LC-PUFAs, protein, and calories than milk from a mother
who gave birth to a baby at term.
,Milk is produced and stored in the ______________.
a. stroma
b. alveoli
c. myoepithilial cells
d. areola - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅b. alveoli
The onset of milk secretion is called _____________.
a. lactogenesis
b. involution
c. lactoferrin
d. mammogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a. lactogenesis
(T/F) - Colostrum contains a higher concentration of immunoglobulins than most later milk. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - Most of the fat in milk is surrounded by a material that closely resembles cell membrane. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - There is a greater abundance of whey proteins in cow's milk than casein proteins. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅False
(T/F) - Cow's milk contains all of the essential amino acids. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - Percent fat content of milk varies with species. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
(T/F) - Water is not a major component of milk. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅False
, (T/F) - During lactation, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals are extracted from the
bloodstream by the mammary gland. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
Maintenance of pregnancy and the development of the milk-secreting cells in the breast - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Progesterone
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
Signals breast to make milk - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Prolactin
Match the lactation related function with the most appropriate hormone.
Causes the myoepithelial cells to contract during letdown:
a. Oxytocin
b. Prolactin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Oxytocin
