BIOL 189 Exam 2 Post Lectures Exam
Questions and Answers
Arrange the following parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological
order. - -Gene is found
Transcription is initiated
Transcription elongation occurs
mRNA is produced
Introns are removed
Translation occurs
Functional protein appears
-According to the image below, a mutation in a gene is analogous to - -A typo in a recipe
-What is wrong with the following piece of mRNA? TACCAGGATCACTTTGCCA - -It
contains T and not U
-Match each type of RNA to its correct description - -1. Its codons specify the order of
amino acids in translation
2. Carries amino acids to ribosomes and binds to codons
3. Combines with proteins to forms a ribosome
-Why might it be advantageous for bacteria to prevent transcription of a particular
enzyme, unless its substrate is present in the environment? - -The steps involved in
synthesizing proteins such as enzymes require a considerable amount of energy
-A single nucleotide deletion during DNA replication - -Causes the amino acids encoded by
nucleotides after the deletion to be incorrect
-The nucleotide sequence in mRNA is determined by - -The nucleotide sequence in DNA
-Each mRNA 3-base sequence, called a ______, matches with a tRNA sequence called the
____________. The tRNA also carries the specified ______________, used as a building block for a
protein. - -Codon; anticodon; amino acid
-Organisms that carry out photosynthesis - -Autotrophic bacteria; plants
-If a cell experienced a dramatic reduction in the number of nucleotides, what would you
predict to be least affected in the cell? - -Amino acid concentration in the cell
-Cellular respiration in the mitochondrial matrix - -Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA;
Krebs cycle
-Photosynthesis equation - -6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
, -Consider the biochemical pathway used to synthesize the amino acid proline. An increase
in the concentration of proline will most likely lead to - -A decrease in proline production
-Food contains organic molecules such as ___________; energy is released when cells break
down this molecule. - -Glucose
-That energy is used to produce _____, the energy currency of the cell. - -ATP
-What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump? - -Breakdown
of ATP
-Active transport: - -This type of membrane transport moves substances through
membrane proteins and requires energy
-Osmosis: - -Water moves into a red blood cell without the help of proteins
-Phagocytosis: - -The cell captures and engulfs large particles
-Simple diffusion: - -A non water molecule moves down its concentration gradient without
the help of a carrier molecule or energy input
-What might happen if a substance that is not a substrate molecule binds to an enzyme's
active site? - -Enzyme activity will slow down
-Osmosis is best defined as the movement of - -Water molecules across a membrane from
an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
-The cell can use energy from ATP hydrolysis to perform _________ reactions. - -Endergonic
-In a hydrolysis reaction, the cell uses _______ to break ATP into ___________, releasing a burst
of energy. - -Water; ADP + P
-During what stage(s) of photosynthesis is glucose produced? - -Carbon reactions
-Reactants of photosynthesis: - -Carbon dioxide and water
-Products of photosynthesis: - -Glucose and oxygen
-In what organelles does photosynthesis occur? - -Chloroplasts
-Cellular respiration byproducts: - -CO2 and H2O
-Cellular respiration uses: - -O2
Questions and Answers
Arrange the following parts and processes of eukaryotic gene expression in chronological
order. - -Gene is found
Transcription is initiated
Transcription elongation occurs
mRNA is produced
Introns are removed
Translation occurs
Functional protein appears
-According to the image below, a mutation in a gene is analogous to - -A typo in a recipe
-What is wrong with the following piece of mRNA? TACCAGGATCACTTTGCCA - -It
contains T and not U
-Match each type of RNA to its correct description - -1. Its codons specify the order of
amino acids in translation
2. Carries amino acids to ribosomes and binds to codons
3. Combines with proteins to forms a ribosome
-Why might it be advantageous for bacteria to prevent transcription of a particular
enzyme, unless its substrate is present in the environment? - -The steps involved in
synthesizing proteins such as enzymes require a considerable amount of energy
-A single nucleotide deletion during DNA replication - -Causes the amino acids encoded by
nucleotides after the deletion to be incorrect
-The nucleotide sequence in mRNA is determined by - -The nucleotide sequence in DNA
-Each mRNA 3-base sequence, called a ______, matches with a tRNA sequence called the
____________. The tRNA also carries the specified ______________, used as a building block for a
protein. - -Codon; anticodon; amino acid
-Organisms that carry out photosynthesis - -Autotrophic bacteria; plants
-If a cell experienced a dramatic reduction in the number of nucleotides, what would you
predict to be least affected in the cell? - -Amino acid concentration in the cell
-Cellular respiration in the mitochondrial matrix - -Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA;
Krebs cycle
-Photosynthesis equation - -6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
, -Consider the biochemical pathway used to synthesize the amino acid proline. An increase
in the concentration of proline will most likely lead to - -A decrease in proline production
-Food contains organic molecules such as ___________; energy is released when cells break
down this molecule. - -Glucose
-That energy is used to produce _____, the energy currency of the cell. - -ATP
-What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump? - -Breakdown
of ATP
-Active transport: - -This type of membrane transport moves substances through
membrane proteins and requires energy
-Osmosis: - -Water moves into a red blood cell without the help of proteins
-Phagocytosis: - -The cell captures and engulfs large particles
-Simple diffusion: - -A non water molecule moves down its concentration gradient without
the help of a carrier molecule or energy input
-What might happen if a substance that is not a substrate molecule binds to an enzyme's
active site? - -Enzyme activity will slow down
-Osmosis is best defined as the movement of - -Water molecules across a membrane from
an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
-The cell can use energy from ATP hydrolysis to perform _________ reactions. - -Endergonic
-In a hydrolysis reaction, the cell uses _______ to break ATP into ___________, releasing a burst
of energy. - -Water; ADP + P
-During what stage(s) of photosynthesis is glucose produced? - -Carbon reactions
-Reactants of photosynthesis: - -Carbon dioxide and water
-Products of photosynthesis: - -Glucose and oxygen
-In what organelles does photosynthesis occur? - -Chloroplasts
-Cellular respiration byproducts: - -CO2 and H2O
-Cellular respiration uses: - -O2
