Biology 189 unit 2 Study Guide Exam |113
Questions with answers
What are the biological roles of nucleic acids? - -1) Storage of genetic information. 2)
Transmission of genetic information. 3) Use of genetic information
-What are the two nucleic acids in the human body? (spell out) - -Deoxyribonucleic Acid
and Ribosome nucleic Acid
-What is each nucleic acid's biological role? - -DNA- Is a permanent storage place for
genetic information RNA-Transmits the genetic information from DNA to the Protein
Synthesizers in the cell
-What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? What are the components of these building
blocks?
Draw a diagram. - -1) Nucleotides 2) Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar or ribose sugar,
and Nitrogenous base 3) see notes
-What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in DNA? - -Adenine (A) Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)
-What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in RNA? - -Adenine (A) Uracil (U) Guanine
(G) Cytosine (C)
-What is the sugar found in DNA? - -Deoxyribose sugar
-What is the sugar found In RNA? - -Ribose Sugar
-What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA? - -1)DNA has 2 Helix strands
RNA has 1. 2) DNA has a Deoxyribose sugar (one less oxygen) RNA has Ribose sugar (one
more oxygen). 3) DNA contains Adenine, Thymine Guanine, and Cytosine and RNA contains
Adenine Guanine Cytosine and Uracil.
-What is complementary base pairing and how does it work? - -...
-Describe DNA replication. - -DNA stores genetic information. It makes identical copies of
itself for every cell.
-Replicate this strand of DNA:
5' - GAATGCCGTTAC - 3' - -3' - CTTACGGCAATC -5'
-Describe transcription. - -DNA's genetic information it transmitted into a RNA copy
-Transcribe this strand of DNA:
, 3' - TTGCAACCGGAT - 5' - -5' - AACGTTGGCCTA - 3'
-Describe translation. - -RNA uses the genetic information transcribed from DNA to create
a new protein (polypeptide)
-What is the molecule and process (1-3)? - -(See model in the study guide) 1) DNA
Replication 2) Transcription 3) Translation
-Define and describe the following term Purine - - -One of the two types of nitrogenous
bases in nucleic acids. Each of the purines—adenine and guanine—pairs with a specific
pyrimidine
-Define and describe the following term Pyrimidine - - -One of the two types of
nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids. Each of the pyrimidines—cytosine, thymine, and uracil
—pairs with a specific purine.
-Define and describe the following term Phosphodiester linkage - - -The connection in a
nucleic acid strand, formed by linking two nucleotides.
-Define and describe the following term Nucleoside - -...
-Define and describe the following term Oligonucleotide - -Around 20 nucleotides e.g. RNA
primers.
-Define and describe the following term Polynucleotide - - -20 or more nucleotides e.g
DNA, most RNA.
-Define and describe the following term Genome - - -The complete DNA sequence for a
particular organism or individual.
-Define and describe the following term Gene - - -A unit of heredity. Used here as the unit
of genetic function which carries the information for a polypeptide or RNA.
-Define and describe the following term Homozygous - -If an individual has 2 of the same
Alleles fro a gene.
-Define and describe the following term Heterozygous - -If an individual has 2 different
alleles for a gene.
-Define and describe the following term Hemizygous - -...
-Define and describe the following term Phenotype - -The observable physical and
physiological trait of an organism which are determined by its genetic makeup
-Define and describe the following term Genotype - -The genetic makeup, or set of alleles,
of an organism
Questions with answers
What are the biological roles of nucleic acids? - -1) Storage of genetic information. 2)
Transmission of genetic information. 3) Use of genetic information
-What are the two nucleic acids in the human body? (spell out) - -Deoxyribonucleic Acid
and Ribosome nucleic Acid
-What is each nucleic acid's biological role? - -DNA- Is a permanent storage place for
genetic information RNA-Transmits the genetic information from DNA to the Protein
Synthesizers in the cell
-What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? What are the components of these building
blocks?
Draw a diagram. - -1) Nucleotides 2) Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar or ribose sugar,
and Nitrogenous base 3) see notes
-What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in DNA? - -Adenine (A) Thymine (T)
Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)
-What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases found in RNA? - -Adenine (A) Uracil (U) Guanine
(G) Cytosine (C)
-What is the sugar found in DNA? - -Deoxyribose sugar
-What is the sugar found In RNA? - -Ribose Sugar
-What are the three main differences between DNA and RNA? - -1)DNA has 2 Helix strands
RNA has 1. 2) DNA has a Deoxyribose sugar (one less oxygen) RNA has Ribose sugar (one
more oxygen). 3) DNA contains Adenine, Thymine Guanine, and Cytosine and RNA contains
Adenine Guanine Cytosine and Uracil.
-What is complementary base pairing and how does it work? - -...
-Describe DNA replication. - -DNA stores genetic information. It makes identical copies of
itself for every cell.
-Replicate this strand of DNA:
5' - GAATGCCGTTAC - 3' - -3' - CTTACGGCAATC -5'
-Describe transcription. - -DNA's genetic information it transmitted into a RNA copy
-Transcribe this strand of DNA:
, 3' - TTGCAACCGGAT - 5' - -5' - AACGTTGGCCTA - 3'
-Describe translation. - -RNA uses the genetic information transcribed from DNA to create
a new protein (polypeptide)
-What is the molecule and process (1-3)? - -(See model in the study guide) 1) DNA
Replication 2) Transcription 3) Translation
-Define and describe the following term Purine - - -One of the two types of nitrogenous
bases in nucleic acids. Each of the purines—adenine and guanine—pairs with a specific
pyrimidine
-Define and describe the following term Pyrimidine - - -One of the two types of
nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids. Each of the pyrimidines—cytosine, thymine, and uracil
—pairs with a specific purine.
-Define and describe the following term Phosphodiester linkage - - -The connection in a
nucleic acid strand, formed by linking two nucleotides.
-Define and describe the following term Nucleoside - -...
-Define and describe the following term Oligonucleotide - -Around 20 nucleotides e.g. RNA
primers.
-Define and describe the following term Polynucleotide - - -20 or more nucleotides e.g
DNA, most RNA.
-Define and describe the following term Genome - - -The complete DNA sequence for a
particular organism or individual.
-Define and describe the following term Gene - - -A unit of heredity. Used here as the unit
of genetic function which carries the information for a polypeptide or RNA.
-Define and describe the following term Homozygous - -If an individual has 2 of the same
Alleles fro a gene.
-Define and describe the following term Heterozygous - -If an individual has 2 different
alleles for a gene.
-Define and describe the following term Hemizygous - -...
-Define and describe the following term Phenotype - -The observable physical and
physiological trait of an organism which are determined by its genetic makeup
-Define and describe the following term Genotype - -The genetic makeup, or set of alleles,
of an organism
