POLITICAL SCIENCE 102 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

POLITICAL SCIENCE 102 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Political Culture - answer- the orientation of citizens of a state towards politics. -Freedom from: (negative liberty) religion to practice. -Freedom to: (positive liberty) public education, to vote Representative Democracy - answer- A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people. Social Contract Theory - answer- The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by Locke and Hobbes and influential in the writing of the declaration of independence. Rights and Liberties are spelled in the Bills of Rights. Declaration of Independence - answer- the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain Pluralism/Elitism - answer- -an open, participatory style of governments in which any different interests are represented/ Ideology - answer- Sets of values and beliefs people hold about scope and tole of government popular sovereignty - answer- 19th century term referring to the question of slavery in a territory, put to a popular vote by all the white male residents. The right of people to self-government. equality - answer- all citizens enjoy the same privileges, status, and rights before the laws. individualism - answer- the idea that individuals, not the society, are responsible for their own well-being. Shay's Rebellion - answer- A 1787 rebellion in which ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes Great Compromise - answer- At the Constitutional Convention, larger states wanted to follow the Virginia Plan, which based each state's representation in Congress on state population. Smaller states wanted to follow the New Jersey Plan, which gave every state the same number of representatives. The convention compromised by creating the House and the Senate, and using both of the two separate plans as the method for electing members of each. Separation of Powers - answer- Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law Checks and Balances - answer- A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power Federalism - answer- a system where power is shared between states and national government, power is derived from people New Deal - answer- A plan by President Franklin Roosevelt intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression. Great society - answer- Lyndon B. Johnson. Purpose was to eliminate poverty and racial injustice. As well as increase public education funding and health care reform, (another large expansion of Federal Government/Power). Created Medicare, Medicaid, and federal funding for public education. Necessary Clause - answer- power to make laws necessary to carry out enumerated powers Proper Clause - answer- (grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate but not constituting a complete sentence Supremacy Clause - answer- Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits. New Federalism - answer- A policy in 1969, that turned over powers and responsibilities of some U.S. federal programs to state and local governments and reduced the role of national government in domestic affairs (states are closer to the people and problems). no child left behind Devolution - answer- attempt to have less national government Full Faith Clause - answer- Clause in the Constitution (Article IV, Section 1) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid McCulloch vs. Maryland - answer- Court ruled that congress did have authority to charter bank, citing the necessary and proper clause; States couldn't tax government property. - reinforces supremacy clause (state cannot tax federal government) and implied powers/necessary and proper clause (in that court said it was ok for US government to charter a bank under enumerated power that Congress can levy and collect taxes) - This case established two important principles in constitutional law. First, the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's express powers, in order to create a functional national government. Second, state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government. initiatives - answer- A process in which citizens propose new laws or amendments to the state constitution; they permit the public to circulat