KARBO YOMMIN
BED-411 THEORY AND PRACTICE IN EDUCATON
UNIT -1 :INDIAN TRADITIONS,VALUES AND EDCATION
▪ Meaning ,Nature ,Aims And Scope of Education
▪ Concept ,Nature And Function of Philosophy
▪ Relationship Of Education And Philosophy
▪ Significance of Philosophy For Educational Philosophy
▪ Concept Of Purusartha
MEANING-
Education plays a vital role in the overall development of a person. Education and
philosophy are two disciplines, which are very closely related and in some way both
overlap each other. Education is a process of initiating the child into the way of life. An
educator not only holds certain beliefs and ideals of life, but also rise to convert his pupil
to his own views and his own way of life. The influence of a person, holdinga vital bclief,
brought to bear upon another person with the object of making him also to hold that belief
is education.
The term ´education' is derived from the following three latin xords:
Educare: This means to bring up, to nourish, to rear and to train.
Educere:This implies to draw out and to lead out.
Educo : The letter E' means 'out of and duco' means to lead This denotes to extract out and
to lead forth.
1.. MEANING OF EDUCALION AS UNDERSTOOD BY INDIAN THINKERS.
Ancient Indian thinkers took an idealistic or spiritual view of education. Modern Indian
thinkers have regarded education more from the practical point of view than the idealistic
one.
(A) ANCIENT THINKERS :
(i)In Rig Veda, education has been understood as some thing 'which makes a man
selfEreliant and selfless.
(ii) In Upanishadas, education has been understo0d as something the end product of which
is salvation.
(ii) According to Yajnavallya, "Education is that which makes a man of good character and
useful to the world".
(iv) According to Kautilya, the great Indian Statesman and law-giver, 'Education means
training for the country and love for the nation.
(B) MODERN THINKERS:
, KARBO YOMMIN
(vi) ACCORDING TO SWAMI VIVEKANAND, "Education is the manifestation of divine
perfection already existing in man". By Education he meant drawing out the divine
potential already existing in man.
(vii) ACCORDING TO SWAMI DAYANAND, "Education is a means for character formation
and righteous living".
(viii)ACCORDING TO GANDHI, "By Education I mean an all-round drawing out of the
best in child and man, body, mind and spirit". Gandhiji's definition includes the physical,
intellectual and spiritual aspects of human personality. life in harmony with
(x) ACCORDING TO AUROBINDO, "Education means helping the growing soul to
draw out that is in itself".
(xii) DR. ZAKIR HUSSAIN, the late President of India, defined education as
"the process of the individual mind, getting to its full possible development"
2. MEANING OF EDUCATION AS UNDERSTOOD BY WESTERN
THINKERS.
Western interpretation of the term education has been changing from time to time.
But fact remains that nodern concept ot education owes much to western thinkers.
(A) THINKERS OF THE PAST :
(i) According to Plato, "Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right
moment. It develops in the body and in the soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the
perfection which he is capable of".
Aecording to Aristotle, "Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body .. it
develops man's faculty especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the
contemplation of supreme truth, goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness
essentially consists"
(B) MODERN THINKERS :
(iv)According to Pestalozzi, "Education is the natural, harmonious and progressive
development of man's innate powers".
(vi) According to John Dewey, "Education is the development of all those capacitics in the
individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities".
(vi) According to T. Raymont, "Education is a process of development .. from infaney to
maturity, the process by which he adopts himself gradually in various ways of his physical
and spiritual environment".
According to TP. Nunn, "Education is the conmplete development of the individuality of
the child so that he can make an original contribution to hunan life according to the best of
his capacity".
All these definitions lead us to conclude that education is a continuous life-long social
process, which aims at the complete development of human's personality and prepare them
, KARBO YOMMIN
for the battle of life so as to enable them to shoulder their responsibility towards the
progress of the society and country. An analysis of the definitions of education is focusses
that
Education, in narrow sense is planned, organized and fomalized process, It is imparted at a
paricular place like school, college and at a definite time. It is also imparted by detinite
persons. lts curriculum is too formal. In this sense, cducation of the child starts as soon as
he enters the school where he is given a limited and definite amount of knowledge and
information. The amount of cducation received by the child is measured in terms of number
and grade of examination passed by him. The teacher makes deliberate eforts to inculcate
certain values, attitudes or habits in the children which are considered to be most cssential
and useful. Education, in the narrower sense means conscious and deliberate process to
modify the behaviour of the students in desirable and socially approved ways. Under this
process, cducation is said to begin when a child enters the school and it ends when the child
leaves the cducational institution and takes up some occupation in life. Education
understood in the narrow sense gives priorityto classroom teaching and book learning
According to T. Raymont, "In the narrower and more definite sense ... education does not
include selfculture and the general influences of one's surroundings, but only those special
influences which are consciously and desgnedly brought to bear upon the young, bur the
adult portion of the community, wherther through the family. the church or the state."
According o Prof .S.Madkenzie, "In a narrow sensc, education may be taken to mean any
consciously directed effor to develop and activate our powers"
Thus, in narrow sense, education means schooling or formal instruction which is imparted
within the four walls. A man is said to be educated if he passed some examinations and
recieved some degrees and diplomas from school, college and universities. There are
deliberate, purposeful and planned efforts on the part of the teacher to impart some amount
of knowledge with the help of definite curriculum. This type of education include the
following points - (a) It is imparted in a pre-planned way under controlled sertings.
(b)It is a deliberate, conscious and systematic influence exerted by the mature person i.e.
teacher on the immature person i.e. the child.
(c) It is limited to ofering the readymade teaching materials.
(d) It is intentional rather than incidental.
(e) Education is mainly concerned with providing limited scope of knowledge.
NARROWER MEANING OF EDUCATION
Education, in narrow sense is planned, organized and formalized process. It is imparted at
a particular place like school, college and at a definite time. It is also imparted by definite
persons. Its curriculum is too formal. In this sense, education of the child starts as soon as
, KARBO YOMMIN
he enters the school where he is given a limited and definite amount of knowledge and
information. The amount of education received by the child is measured in terms of number
and grade of examination passed by him. The teacher makes deliberate efforts to inculcate
certain values, attitudes or habits in the children which are considered to be most essential
and useful. Education, in the narrower sense means conscious and deliberate process to
modify the behaviour of the students in desirable and socially approved ways. Under this
process, education is said to begin when a child enters the school and it ends when the child
leaves the educational institution and takes up some occupation in life. Education
understood in the narrow sense gives priority to classroom teaching and book learning.
According to T. Raymont, "In the narrower and more definite sense..... education does not
include self-culture and the general influences of one's surroundings, but only those special
influences which are consciously and designedly brought to bear upon the young, but the
adult portion of the community, whether through the family, the church or the state."
According to Prof J.S.Mackenzie, "In a narrow sense, education may be taken to mean any
consciously directed effort to develop and cultivate our powers."
Thus, in narrow sense, education means schooling or formal instruction which is imparted
within the four walls. A man is said to be educated if he passed some examinations and
recieved some degrees and diplomas from school, college and universities. There are
deliberate, purposeful and planned efforts on the part of the teacher to impart some amount
of knowledge with the help of definite
curriculum. This type of education include the following points - (a) It is
imparted in a pre-planned way under controlled settings.
(b) It is a deliberate, conscious and systematic influence exerted by the mature person i.e.
teacher on the immature person i.e. the child.
(c) It is limited to offering the readymade teaching materials.
(d) It is intentional rather than incidental.
(e) Education is mainly concerned with providing limited scope of knowledge.
BROADER MEANING OF EDUCATION
In the wider sense, education means the process of total development of the child from
infancy to maturity. It means the total influence of the various agencies of the environment
on the personality of the child. It includes the ways of the people, their laws, forms of the
government and culture of the country. It also includes factors like climate, soil etc. which
have no direct purpose in the education of the child. At the same time, it includes all
influences like social, culture, political, domestic, geographical etc. Thus, education is life
and life is education. According to William. H. Kilpatrick "From the broad point of view,
all life thoughtfully lived is education." In its broadest significance, education is not related
to schooling or teaching which aim at making an individual this or that of specialist.
BED-411 THEORY AND PRACTICE IN EDUCATON
UNIT -1 :INDIAN TRADITIONS,VALUES AND EDCATION
▪ Meaning ,Nature ,Aims And Scope of Education
▪ Concept ,Nature And Function of Philosophy
▪ Relationship Of Education And Philosophy
▪ Significance of Philosophy For Educational Philosophy
▪ Concept Of Purusartha
MEANING-
Education plays a vital role in the overall development of a person. Education and
philosophy are two disciplines, which are very closely related and in some way both
overlap each other. Education is a process of initiating the child into the way of life. An
educator not only holds certain beliefs and ideals of life, but also rise to convert his pupil
to his own views and his own way of life. The influence of a person, holdinga vital bclief,
brought to bear upon another person with the object of making him also to hold that belief
is education.
The term ´education' is derived from the following three latin xords:
Educare: This means to bring up, to nourish, to rear and to train.
Educere:This implies to draw out and to lead out.
Educo : The letter E' means 'out of and duco' means to lead This denotes to extract out and
to lead forth.
1.. MEANING OF EDUCALION AS UNDERSTOOD BY INDIAN THINKERS.
Ancient Indian thinkers took an idealistic or spiritual view of education. Modern Indian
thinkers have regarded education more from the practical point of view than the idealistic
one.
(A) ANCIENT THINKERS :
(i)In Rig Veda, education has been understood as some thing 'which makes a man
selfEreliant and selfless.
(ii) In Upanishadas, education has been understo0d as something the end product of which
is salvation.
(ii) According to Yajnavallya, "Education is that which makes a man of good character and
useful to the world".
(iv) According to Kautilya, the great Indian Statesman and law-giver, 'Education means
training for the country and love for the nation.
(B) MODERN THINKERS:
, KARBO YOMMIN
(vi) ACCORDING TO SWAMI VIVEKANAND, "Education is the manifestation of divine
perfection already existing in man". By Education he meant drawing out the divine
potential already existing in man.
(vii) ACCORDING TO SWAMI DAYANAND, "Education is a means for character formation
and righteous living".
(viii)ACCORDING TO GANDHI, "By Education I mean an all-round drawing out of the
best in child and man, body, mind and spirit". Gandhiji's definition includes the physical,
intellectual and spiritual aspects of human personality. life in harmony with
(x) ACCORDING TO AUROBINDO, "Education means helping the growing soul to
draw out that is in itself".
(xii) DR. ZAKIR HUSSAIN, the late President of India, defined education as
"the process of the individual mind, getting to its full possible development"
2. MEANING OF EDUCATION AS UNDERSTOOD BY WESTERN
THINKERS.
Western interpretation of the term education has been changing from time to time.
But fact remains that nodern concept ot education owes much to western thinkers.
(A) THINKERS OF THE PAST :
(i) According to Plato, "Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right
moment. It develops in the body and in the soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the
perfection which he is capable of".
Aecording to Aristotle, "Education is the creation of a sound mind in a sound body .. it
develops man's faculty especially his mind so that he may be able to enjoy the
contemplation of supreme truth, goodness and beauty of which perfect happiness
essentially consists"
(B) MODERN THINKERS :
(iv)According to Pestalozzi, "Education is the natural, harmonious and progressive
development of man's innate powers".
(vi) According to John Dewey, "Education is the development of all those capacitics in the
individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities".
(vi) According to T. Raymont, "Education is a process of development .. from infaney to
maturity, the process by which he adopts himself gradually in various ways of his physical
and spiritual environment".
According to TP. Nunn, "Education is the conmplete development of the individuality of
the child so that he can make an original contribution to hunan life according to the best of
his capacity".
All these definitions lead us to conclude that education is a continuous life-long social
process, which aims at the complete development of human's personality and prepare them
, KARBO YOMMIN
for the battle of life so as to enable them to shoulder their responsibility towards the
progress of the society and country. An analysis of the definitions of education is focusses
that
Education, in narrow sense is planned, organized and fomalized process, It is imparted at a
paricular place like school, college and at a definite time. It is also imparted by detinite
persons. lts curriculum is too formal. In this sense, cducation of the child starts as soon as
he enters the school where he is given a limited and definite amount of knowledge and
information. The amount of cducation received by the child is measured in terms of number
and grade of examination passed by him. The teacher makes deliberate eforts to inculcate
certain values, attitudes or habits in the children which are considered to be most cssential
and useful. Education, in the narrower sense means conscious and deliberate process to
modify the behaviour of the students in desirable and socially approved ways. Under this
process, cducation is said to begin when a child enters the school and it ends when the child
leaves the cducational institution and takes up some occupation in life. Education
understood in the narrow sense gives priorityto classroom teaching and book learning
According to T. Raymont, "In the narrower and more definite sense ... education does not
include selfculture and the general influences of one's surroundings, but only those special
influences which are consciously and desgnedly brought to bear upon the young, bur the
adult portion of the community, wherther through the family. the church or the state."
According o Prof .S.Madkenzie, "In a narrow sensc, education may be taken to mean any
consciously directed effor to develop and activate our powers"
Thus, in narrow sense, education means schooling or formal instruction which is imparted
within the four walls. A man is said to be educated if he passed some examinations and
recieved some degrees and diplomas from school, college and universities. There are
deliberate, purposeful and planned efforts on the part of the teacher to impart some amount
of knowledge with the help of definite curriculum. This type of education include the
following points - (a) It is imparted in a pre-planned way under controlled sertings.
(b)It is a deliberate, conscious and systematic influence exerted by the mature person i.e.
teacher on the immature person i.e. the child.
(c) It is limited to ofering the readymade teaching materials.
(d) It is intentional rather than incidental.
(e) Education is mainly concerned with providing limited scope of knowledge.
NARROWER MEANING OF EDUCATION
Education, in narrow sense is planned, organized and formalized process. It is imparted at
a particular place like school, college and at a definite time. It is also imparted by definite
persons. Its curriculum is too formal. In this sense, education of the child starts as soon as
, KARBO YOMMIN
he enters the school where he is given a limited and definite amount of knowledge and
information. The amount of education received by the child is measured in terms of number
and grade of examination passed by him. The teacher makes deliberate efforts to inculcate
certain values, attitudes or habits in the children which are considered to be most essential
and useful. Education, in the narrower sense means conscious and deliberate process to
modify the behaviour of the students in desirable and socially approved ways. Under this
process, education is said to begin when a child enters the school and it ends when the child
leaves the educational institution and takes up some occupation in life. Education
understood in the narrow sense gives priority to classroom teaching and book learning.
According to T. Raymont, "In the narrower and more definite sense..... education does not
include self-culture and the general influences of one's surroundings, but only those special
influences which are consciously and designedly brought to bear upon the young, but the
adult portion of the community, whether through the family, the church or the state."
According to Prof J.S.Mackenzie, "In a narrow sense, education may be taken to mean any
consciously directed effort to develop and cultivate our powers."
Thus, in narrow sense, education means schooling or formal instruction which is imparted
within the four walls. A man is said to be educated if he passed some examinations and
recieved some degrees and diplomas from school, college and universities. There are
deliberate, purposeful and planned efforts on the part of the teacher to impart some amount
of knowledge with the help of definite
curriculum. This type of education include the following points - (a) It is
imparted in a pre-planned way under controlled settings.
(b) It is a deliberate, conscious and systematic influence exerted by the mature person i.e.
teacher on the immature person i.e. the child.
(c) It is limited to offering the readymade teaching materials.
(d) It is intentional rather than incidental.
(e) Education is mainly concerned with providing limited scope of knowledge.
BROADER MEANING OF EDUCATION
In the wider sense, education means the process of total development of the child from
infancy to maturity. It means the total influence of the various agencies of the environment
on the personality of the child. It includes the ways of the people, their laws, forms of the
government and culture of the country. It also includes factors like climate, soil etc. which
have no direct purpose in the education of the child. At the same time, it includes all
influences like social, culture, political, domestic, geographical etc. Thus, education is life
and life is education. According to William. H. Kilpatrick "From the broad point of view,
all life thoughtfully lived is education." In its broadest significance, education is not related
to schooling or teaching which aim at making an individual this or that of specialist.
