Social and Environmental Eship
Week 2 2
Lecture 1: Understanding Social & Environmental Entrepreneurship 2
1. Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei–Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial
entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? 11
2. Santos, F. M. (2012) A positive Theory of Social Entrepreneurship 14
Week 4 17
Lecture 2: Market failures, the role of institutions and governments 17
3. Dean, T. J., & McMullen, J. S. (2007). Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship:
Reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. Journal of
Business Venturing 22
4. Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case
study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419-435 25
Week 6 29
Lecture 3: Creating Social Value 29
5. Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2005). Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models
to serve 36
6. Sutter, Bruton & Chen (2019) 38
Week 8 44
Lecture 4: Creating Environmental Value 44
7. Bocken, short, Rana and Evans. A literature and practice review to develop
sustainable business model archetypes 52
8. Todeschini, B. V., Cortimiglia, M. N., Callegaro-de-Menezes, D., & Ghezzi, A. (2017).
Innovative and sustainable business models in the fashion industry: Entrepreneurial
drivers, opportunities, and challenges. 62
Week 10 69
Lecture 5: Measuring Impact 69
9. Mook, L., Chan, A., & Kershaw, D. (2015). Measuring social enterprise Value creation:
The case of furniture bank. 78
10. Mulgan, G. (2010). Measuring social value. 83
Week 11 87
Lecture 6: Financing for impact 87
11. Foster, W. L., Kim, P., & Christiansen, B. (2009). Ten nonprofit funding models. 95
12. Lyons, T. S., & Kickul, J. R. (2013). The social enterprise financing landscape: The lay of
the land and new research on the horizon 98
Week 12 103
Lecture 7 Scaling impact 103
13. Davies, I. A., Haugh, H., & Chambers, L. (2019). Barriers to social enterprise growth.
109
14. Hynes, B. (2009). Growing the social enterprise–issues and challenges. 114
1
,Week 2
Lecture 1: Understanding Social & Environmental
Entrepreneurship
Introduction
Theoretical Considerations
Social entrepreneurship
→ refers to innovative activity with a social objective in either the for-profit sector,
such as in social-purpose commercial ventures corporate social entrepreneurship, or
the nonprofit sector.
→ refers to the phenomenon of applying business expertise and market-based skills
in the nonprofit sector such as when nonprofit organizations develop innovative
approaches to earning income
→ to create social value, rather than personal and shareholder wealth
→ creating something innovative and new
We define social entrepreneurship as an innovative, social value-creating activity
that can occur within or across the nonprofit, business, or government sectors
● Four different variables guide the comparison of social entrepreneurship and
nonprofit
1. Market failure emerges when there is a social-market failure. Market failure
will create differing entrepreneurial opportunities for social and commercial
entrepreneurship.
2. Mission Differences in the mission will be a fundamental distinguishing
feature between social and commercial entrepreneurship that will manifest
itself in multiple areas of enterprise management and personnel motivation.
Commercial and social dimensions within the enterprise may be a source of
tension.
3. Resource mobilization Human and financial resource mobilization will be a
prevailing difference and will lead to fundamentally different approaches to
managing financial and human resources.
4. Performance measurement of social impact will remain a fundamental
differentiator, complicating accountability and stakeholder relations.
Commercial entrepreneurship model
2
,Videos
Social Enterprise
→ To address social, cultural, or environmental issues
→ social enterprise solves important issues by making and selling a product or service
to paying customers
Social entrepreneurs: make who are willing to take necessary action to make an
impact
Small changes can have huge impacts if action is taken
Muhammed Yunus
- In Bangladesh with money
- Social justice (poverty)
- Wages are too low
- Created by the system
- $27 to a small group of craftsmen, it was a loan to buy equipment and start up
- Grameen Bank gave money to craftsmen and women and they started
businesses with it
- It is based on trust (97% given back)
- The poverty rate became less
A “change-maker” business model innovation for Social and Environmental
Entrepreneurship
Toms
One-for-one model: shoes → selling a pair of shoes is donating a pair of shoes to
children
Also with sunglasses and coffee
How a reusable Water Bottle can help
Plastic waste, reusable Dopper
3
, Slides:
● Social entrepreneurship, on the rise
- Not a niche anymore, but a dynamic environment
● Global social and environmental problems
- The limits to growth → call of action
- 2015→ UN managed to get a standardized set of things they
want to achieve the SDG (sustainable development goals)
target with their own countries.
-
● A common language, call to action, goals and sub-goals,
targets, measurements, and comparison
& a source of (entrepreneurial) opportunities
- 4 quality education
- 7 affordable and clean energy
- 12 responsible consumption and production
2. Comparing social and commercial entrepreneurship
2.1 A holistic view of value (Santos)
● Understanding social and environmental entrepreneurship from a
Value perspective
What value is being created, from whom, for what, and who does that?
Traditional entrepreneurship is based on
- Value capture for the organization (and owners) and
- Value creation for these customers
Economic driven by action logic:
- Entrepreneurs identify opportunities
- Act to create and deliver products and services to
paying customers
- Develop business models in which their economic
mission goals are achieved and measures in the form of
monetary performance metrics … sales, profits, ROI,
shareholder value
“Social entrepreneurship has also been called the
simultaneous pursuit of economics, social, and environmental
goals by enterprising ventures”
But this does not say anything about the mission, the balance,
priorities .. or value (creation/capture)
- Economics value capture
- Environmental value capture
- Social value creation
4
Week 2 2
Lecture 1: Understanding Social & Environmental Entrepreneurship 2
1. Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Wei–Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial
entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? 11
2. Santos, F. M. (2012) A positive Theory of Social Entrepreneurship 14
Week 4 17
Lecture 2: Market failures, the role of institutions and governments 17
3. Dean, T. J., & McMullen, J. S. (2007). Toward a theory of sustainable entrepreneurship:
Reducing environmental degradation through entrepreneurial action. Journal of
Business Venturing 22
4. Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2009). Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case
study from Bangladesh. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 419-435 25
Week 6 29
Lecture 3: Creating Social Value 29
5. Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2005). Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models
to serve 36
6. Sutter, Bruton & Chen (2019) 38
Week 8 44
Lecture 4: Creating Environmental Value 44
7. Bocken, short, Rana and Evans. A literature and practice review to develop
sustainable business model archetypes 52
8. Todeschini, B. V., Cortimiglia, M. N., Callegaro-de-Menezes, D., & Ghezzi, A. (2017).
Innovative and sustainable business models in the fashion industry: Entrepreneurial
drivers, opportunities, and challenges. 62
Week 10 69
Lecture 5: Measuring Impact 69
9. Mook, L., Chan, A., & Kershaw, D. (2015). Measuring social enterprise Value creation:
The case of furniture bank. 78
10. Mulgan, G. (2010). Measuring social value. 83
Week 11 87
Lecture 6: Financing for impact 87
11. Foster, W. L., Kim, P., & Christiansen, B. (2009). Ten nonprofit funding models. 95
12. Lyons, T. S., & Kickul, J. R. (2013). The social enterprise financing landscape: The lay of
the land and new research on the horizon 98
Week 12 103
Lecture 7 Scaling impact 103
13. Davies, I. A., Haugh, H., & Chambers, L. (2019). Barriers to social enterprise growth.
109
14. Hynes, B. (2009). Growing the social enterprise–issues and challenges. 114
1
,Week 2
Lecture 1: Understanding Social & Environmental
Entrepreneurship
Introduction
Theoretical Considerations
Social entrepreneurship
→ refers to innovative activity with a social objective in either the for-profit sector,
such as in social-purpose commercial ventures corporate social entrepreneurship, or
the nonprofit sector.
→ refers to the phenomenon of applying business expertise and market-based skills
in the nonprofit sector such as when nonprofit organizations develop innovative
approaches to earning income
→ to create social value, rather than personal and shareholder wealth
→ creating something innovative and new
We define social entrepreneurship as an innovative, social value-creating activity
that can occur within or across the nonprofit, business, or government sectors
● Four different variables guide the comparison of social entrepreneurship and
nonprofit
1. Market failure emerges when there is a social-market failure. Market failure
will create differing entrepreneurial opportunities for social and commercial
entrepreneurship.
2. Mission Differences in the mission will be a fundamental distinguishing
feature between social and commercial entrepreneurship that will manifest
itself in multiple areas of enterprise management and personnel motivation.
Commercial and social dimensions within the enterprise may be a source of
tension.
3. Resource mobilization Human and financial resource mobilization will be a
prevailing difference and will lead to fundamentally different approaches to
managing financial and human resources.
4. Performance measurement of social impact will remain a fundamental
differentiator, complicating accountability and stakeholder relations.
Commercial entrepreneurship model
2
,Videos
Social Enterprise
→ To address social, cultural, or environmental issues
→ social enterprise solves important issues by making and selling a product or service
to paying customers
Social entrepreneurs: make who are willing to take necessary action to make an
impact
Small changes can have huge impacts if action is taken
Muhammed Yunus
- In Bangladesh with money
- Social justice (poverty)
- Wages are too low
- Created by the system
- $27 to a small group of craftsmen, it was a loan to buy equipment and start up
- Grameen Bank gave money to craftsmen and women and they started
businesses with it
- It is based on trust (97% given back)
- The poverty rate became less
A “change-maker” business model innovation for Social and Environmental
Entrepreneurship
Toms
One-for-one model: shoes → selling a pair of shoes is donating a pair of shoes to
children
Also with sunglasses and coffee
How a reusable Water Bottle can help
Plastic waste, reusable Dopper
3
, Slides:
● Social entrepreneurship, on the rise
- Not a niche anymore, but a dynamic environment
● Global social and environmental problems
- The limits to growth → call of action
- 2015→ UN managed to get a standardized set of things they
want to achieve the SDG (sustainable development goals)
target with their own countries.
-
● A common language, call to action, goals and sub-goals,
targets, measurements, and comparison
& a source of (entrepreneurial) opportunities
- 4 quality education
- 7 affordable and clean energy
- 12 responsible consumption and production
2. Comparing social and commercial entrepreneurship
2.1 A holistic view of value (Santos)
● Understanding social and environmental entrepreneurship from a
Value perspective
What value is being created, from whom, for what, and who does that?
Traditional entrepreneurship is based on
- Value capture for the organization (and owners) and
- Value creation for these customers
Economic driven by action logic:
- Entrepreneurs identify opportunities
- Act to create and deliver products and services to
paying customers
- Develop business models in which their economic
mission goals are achieved and measures in the form of
monetary performance metrics … sales, profits, ROI,
shareholder value
“Social entrepreneurship has also been called the
simultaneous pursuit of economics, social, and environmental
goals by enterprising ventures”
But this does not say anything about the mission, the balance,
priorities .. or value (creation/capture)
- Economics value capture
- Environmental value capture
- Social value creation
4
