NUR 3610 Exam 3 QUESTIONS WITH |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the volume of blood ejected by
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the heart each minute; normal range in adults is 4-7 L/min
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Preload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at
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the end of diastole and just before contraction; determined by the amount of
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blood returning to the heart form both the venous system and the
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pulmonary system |\
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the pressure or resistance that the
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ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and
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into the peripheral blood vessels; the amount of resistance is directly related
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to arterial blood pressure and blood vessel diameter
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Contractility - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the ability of atrial and ventricular
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muscle cells to shorten their fiber length in response to electrical
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stimulation, generating sufficient pressure to propel blood forward; the
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mechanical activity of the heart |\ |\ |\ |\
Identify the four classes of Heart failure and described the differences -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a. patients at high risk for developing heart failure
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(class I NYHA- patients with cardiac disease but without resulting
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limitations of physical activity) |\ |\ |\
, b. patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not
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developed HF symptoms (class I NYHA- patients with cardiac disease but
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without resulting limitations of physical activity)
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c. patients with current or prior symptoms of HF (class II or III NYHA-
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patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity
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or resulting in marked limitation of physical activity)
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d. patients with refractory end-stage HF (class IV NYHA- patients with
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cardiac disease resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without
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discomfort)
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Troponin- myocardial muscle protein released into the bloodstream with
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injury to myocardial muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Troponin T < 0.10
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ng/mL
Troponin I < 0.03 ng/mL |\ |\ |\ |\
Elevations indicate myocardial injury or infarction
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Triglycerides- evaluated to assess the risk for CAD - CORRECT ANSWERS
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✔✔Females: 35-135 mg/dL |\ |\
Males: 40-160 mg/dL
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Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD
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Cholesterol (HDL and LDL)- evaluated to assess the risk for CAD -
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CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔HDL |\ |\
Females: > 55 mg/dL |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS
Cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the volume of blood ejected by
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the heart each minute; normal range in adults is 4-7 L/min
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Preload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the end of diastole and just before contraction; determined by the amount of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
blood returning to the heart form both the venous system and the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
pulmonary system |\
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the pressure or resistance that the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ventricles must overcome to eject blood through the semilunar valves and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
into the peripheral blood vessels; the amount of resistance is directly related
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to arterial blood pressure and blood vessel diameter
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Contractility - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the ability of atrial and ventricular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
muscle cells to shorten their fiber length in response to electrical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stimulation, generating sufficient pressure to propel blood forward; the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
mechanical activity of the heart |\ |\ |\ |\
Identify the four classes of Heart failure and described the differences -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a. patients at high risk for developing heart failure
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(class I NYHA- patients with cardiac disease but without resulting
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limitations of physical activity) |\ |\ |\
, b. patients with cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling who have not
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
developed HF symptoms (class I NYHA- patients with cardiac disease but
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
without resulting limitations of physical activity)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
c. patients with current or prior symptoms of HF (class II or III NYHA-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
patients with cardiac disease resulting in slight limitation of physical activity
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
or resulting in marked limitation of physical activity)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
d. patients with refractory end-stage HF (class IV NYHA- patients with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
cardiac disease resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
discomfort)
|\
Troponin- myocardial muscle protein released into the bloodstream with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
injury to myocardial muscle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Troponin T < 0.10
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ng/mL
Troponin I < 0.03 ng/mL |\ |\ |\ |\
Elevations indicate myocardial injury or infarction
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Triglycerides- evaluated to assess the risk for CAD - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Females: 35-135 mg/dL |\ |\
Males: 40-160 mg/dL
|\ |\
Elevation indicates increased risk for CAD
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Cholesterol (HDL and LDL)- evaluated to assess the risk for CAD -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔HDL |\ |\
Females: > 55 mg/dL |\ |\ |\
