Circulation
➢Transportation - Nutrients, resp. gases (O2 and CO2), hormones, antibodies, metabolites an
metabolic wastes.
➢In small organisms - Diffusion, Osmosis, active transportation etc.
➢In higher animals - Separate system - Circulatory system
Circulatory system
Blood vascular system Lymphatic system (Defence or immune - Transp
(Cardio-vascular system) lymph fluid - Lymph vessels (capillaries & collectin
nodes, organs)
• Lymph — Clear fluid from blood capillaries leaks into surrounding tissues and c
lymphatic capillaries, more permeable than blood capillaries (waste products, fats & im
(lymphocytes))
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries (tissues)
Capillaries (tissues) Venules Veins
,
,Functions
1. Transportation of nutrients
2. Transportation of O2 and CO2
3. Transportation of metabolic wastes
4. Transportation of informational molecules (antibodies and hormones)
5. Transportation of metabolites for further metabolism
6. Transportation of toxins from tissues to kidneys (for elimination)
7. Supply of necessary substances to secreting glands
8. Defence against infections and toxins
9. Maintenance of body pH (acid-base balance)
10. Maintenance of water balance
11. Storage of water and some electrolytes (Na, K etc)
, Composition of blood
• Male --- 5-6 litres
• Female --- 4-5 litres
• 8% of the total body weight
• Thick, red coloured and slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.45)
✓ Blood plasma - 55%
✓ Blood corpuscles - 45%
➢Transportation - Nutrients, resp. gases (O2 and CO2), hormones, antibodies, metabolites an
metabolic wastes.
➢In small organisms - Diffusion, Osmosis, active transportation etc.
➢In higher animals - Separate system - Circulatory system
Circulatory system
Blood vascular system Lymphatic system (Defence or immune - Transp
(Cardio-vascular system) lymph fluid - Lymph vessels (capillaries & collectin
nodes, organs)
• Lymph — Clear fluid from blood capillaries leaks into surrounding tissues and c
lymphatic capillaries, more permeable than blood capillaries (waste products, fats & im
(lymphocytes))
Arteries Arterioles Capillaries (tissues)
Capillaries (tissues) Venules Veins
,
,Functions
1. Transportation of nutrients
2. Transportation of O2 and CO2
3. Transportation of metabolic wastes
4. Transportation of informational molecules (antibodies and hormones)
5. Transportation of metabolites for further metabolism
6. Transportation of toxins from tissues to kidneys (for elimination)
7. Supply of necessary substances to secreting glands
8. Defence against infections and toxins
9. Maintenance of body pH (acid-base balance)
10. Maintenance of water balance
11. Storage of water and some electrolytes (Na, K etc)
, Composition of blood
• Male --- 5-6 litres
• Female --- 4-5 litres
• 8% of the total body weight
• Thick, red coloured and slightly alkaline (pH 7.3-7.45)
✓ Blood plasma - 55%
✓ Blood corpuscles - 45%
