POLS 1101 Exam 1 |147 Questions and Answers
Globalization - -The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between
people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.
-Government - -The collection of public institutions in a nation that establish and enforce
the rules by which the members of that nation must live.
-Social contract - -An agreement to form a government and abide by its rules.
-Democracy - -Form of government in which the people, either directly or through elected
representatives, hold power and authority.
-Politics - -The way in which the institutions of government are organized to make laws,
rules, and policies, and how those institutions are influenced.
-Equality - -The quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status
-Social equality - -Equality and fair treatment of all groups within the various institutions
in society that serve the public at large.
-Equality of opportunity - -The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to
succeed in life
-Political equality - -A condition in which members of different groups possess
substantially the same rights to participate actively in the political system.
-Public goods - -Goods, such as clean air and clean water, that everyone consumes and
must share
-Liberalism - -A political orientation that favors a more assertive role in the redistribution
of economic resources, but emphasizes individual freedom on a range of social issues.
-Conservatism - -A political orientation that generally favors government activism in
defense of more traditional values on social issues, but favors government restraint in
economic redistribution.
-Libertarianism - -An ideology that cherishes individual liberty and insists on minimal
government, promoting a free market economy, a noninterventionist foreign policy, and an
absence of regulation in moral, economic, and social life.
-Capitalism - -Economic system in which all or most of the means of production are
privately owned under competitive conditions.
-Anarchism - -A political theory favoring the abolition of governments.
, -Socialism - -Economic system in which all or most of the means of production are owned
by the community as a whole.
-Communism - -A political and economic system where factors of production are
collectively owned and directed by the state.
-Communitarian - -Referring to the belief in or practice of the superiority of community
life or values over individual life, but not necessarily the common ownership of material
goods.
-Declaration of Independence - -Formal document listing colonists' grievances and
articulating the colonists' intention to seek independence; formally adopted on July 4,
1776.
-Political ideology - -A philosophical guide that people use to help translate their values
and beliefs into political preferences.
-Academic freedom - -The freedom of teachers and students to express their ideas in
school without religious or political or institutional restrictions.
-Freedom - -The condition of being free.
-Liberty - -Freedom of choice.
-Order - -Established customary state (especially of society).
-Republic - -A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who
can elect people to represent them.
-Monarchy - -A form of government in which one person, usually a member of a royal
family or a royal designate, exercises supreme authority.
-Oligarchy - -A form of government in which a small exclusive class, which may or may not
attempt to rule on behalf of the people as a whole, holds supreme power.
-Theocracy - -A form of government in which a particular religion or faith plays a
dominant role in the government.
-Franchise (Suffrage) - -The right to vote.
-John Locke's theories - -People are born with certain natural rights, which derive from
natural law, the rules of conduct inherent in the relationship among human beings and thus
more fundamental than any law that a governing authority might make.
Globalization - -The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between
people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.
-Government - -The collection of public institutions in a nation that establish and enforce
the rules by which the members of that nation must live.
-Social contract - -An agreement to form a government and abide by its rules.
-Democracy - -Form of government in which the people, either directly or through elected
representatives, hold power and authority.
-Politics - -The way in which the institutions of government are organized to make laws,
rules, and policies, and how those institutions are influenced.
-Equality - -The quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status
-Social equality - -Equality and fair treatment of all groups within the various institutions
in society that serve the public at large.
-Equality of opportunity - -The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to
succeed in life
-Political equality - -A condition in which members of different groups possess
substantially the same rights to participate actively in the political system.
-Public goods - -Goods, such as clean air and clean water, that everyone consumes and
must share
-Liberalism - -A political orientation that favors a more assertive role in the redistribution
of economic resources, but emphasizes individual freedom on a range of social issues.
-Conservatism - -A political orientation that generally favors government activism in
defense of more traditional values on social issues, but favors government restraint in
economic redistribution.
-Libertarianism - -An ideology that cherishes individual liberty and insists on minimal
government, promoting a free market economy, a noninterventionist foreign policy, and an
absence of regulation in moral, economic, and social life.
-Capitalism - -Economic system in which all or most of the means of production are
privately owned under competitive conditions.
-Anarchism - -A political theory favoring the abolition of governments.
, -Socialism - -Economic system in which all or most of the means of production are owned
by the community as a whole.
-Communism - -A political and economic system where factors of production are
collectively owned and directed by the state.
-Communitarian - -Referring to the belief in or practice of the superiority of community
life or values over individual life, but not necessarily the common ownership of material
goods.
-Declaration of Independence - -Formal document listing colonists' grievances and
articulating the colonists' intention to seek independence; formally adopted on July 4,
1776.
-Political ideology - -A philosophical guide that people use to help translate their values
and beliefs into political preferences.
-Academic freedom - -The freedom of teachers and students to express their ideas in
school without religious or political or institutional restrictions.
-Freedom - -The condition of being free.
-Liberty - -Freedom of choice.
-Order - -Established customary state (especially of society).
-Republic - -A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who
can elect people to represent them.
-Monarchy - -A form of government in which one person, usually a member of a royal
family or a royal designate, exercises supreme authority.
-Oligarchy - -A form of government in which a small exclusive class, which may or may not
attempt to rule on behalf of the people as a whole, holds supreme power.
-Theocracy - -A form of government in which a particular religion or faith plays a
dominant role in the government.
-Franchise (Suffrage) - -The right to vote.
-John Locke's theories - -People are born with certain natural rights, which derive from
natural law, the rules of conduct inherent in the relationship among human beings and thus
more fundamental than any law that a governing authority might make.
