UGA POLS 1101 LYNCH EXAM 3 (chapters 9-13) |
129 Q’s and A’s
interest groups - -An organization of people who share common political interests and aim
to influence public policy by electioneering and lobbying.
-lobbying - -when an interest group contacts a public official and tries to influence public
policy
-problems with forming an interest group - -free riding
-coercion - -A method of eliminating nonparticipation or free riding by potential group
members by requiring participation, as in many labor unions.
-Solidarity benefits - -Satisfaction derived from the experience of working with like-
minded people, even if the group's efforts do not achieve the desired impact.
-purposive benefits - -Satisfaction derived from the experience of working toward a
desired policy goal, even if the goal is not achieved.
-selective incentives - -Benefits that can motivate participation in a group effort because
they are available only to those who participate, such as member services offered by
interest groups. (AARP travel benefits)
-direct lobbying - -attempts by interest group staff to influence policy by speaking with
elected officials or bureaucrats
-grassroots lobbying - -A lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members,
such as a protest or a letter-writing campaign
-PACs - -An interest group or a division of an interest group that can raise money to
contribute to campaigns or to spend on ads in support of candidates. The amount a PAC can
receive from each of its donors and the amount it can spend on federal campaigning are
strictly limited.
-inside strategies - -The tactics employed within Washington, D.C., by interest groups
seeking to achieve their policy goals.
-outside strategies - -The tactics employed outside Washington, D.C., by interest groups
seeking to achieve their policy goals.
-the constitution and congress - -Under the Constitution, Congress has both specific and
implied powers. These powers have been expanded through the amendment process as
, well as by Congress's own legislative action. Moreover, both houses are granted authority
in certain areas.
-Bicameralism - -The system of having two chambers within one legislative body, like the
House and Senate in the U.S. Congress.
-descriptive representation - -When a member of Congress shares the characteristics
(such as gender, race, religion, or ethnicity) of his or her constituents.
-substantive representation - -When a member of Congress represents constituents'
interests and policy concerns.
-trustee - -Member of Congress who represents constituents' interests from a distance,
weighing national, collective, local and moral concerns- may cause them to vote against
majority of constituents
-delegate - -A member of Congress who loyally represents constituents' direct interests
and desires.
-politico - -Member of Congress who acts as delegate on issues constituents care about
(immigration) and trustee on more complex or less salient issues (regulatory matters)
-requirements for a senator - -30 years old, 9 years a citizen
-requirements for a house member - -25 years old, 7 years a citizen
-Rules for congressional elections - -1.) Disclosure of campaign contributions and
expenditures
2.) Disclosure of "independent spending" on candidates' behalf
3.) $1000 limit on individual contribution to campaign
4.) PACs legalized (explain how they originated), limited to $5K contributions
5.) Party contributions: higher limits, "coordinated expenditures"
6.)***Attempts to limit overall spending by a campaign, self-contributions, and
independent expenditures
-electoral connection - -the idea that congressional behavior is centrally motivated by
members' desire for reelection
-Redistricting - -Re-drawing the geographic boundaries of legislative districts. This
happens every 10 years to ensure that districts remain roughly equal in population.
-Gerrymandering - -Attempting to use the process of redrawing district boundaries to
benefit a political party, protect incumbents, or change the proportion of minority voters in
a district.
129 Q’s and A’s
interest groups - -An organization of people who share common political interests and aim
to influence public policy by electioneering and lobbying.
-lobbying - -when an interest group contacts a public official and tries to influence public
policy
-problems with forming an interest group - -free riding
-coercion - -A method of eliminating nonparticipation or free riding by potential group
members by requiring participation, as in many labor unions.
-Solidarity benefits - -Satisfaction derived from the experience of working with like-
minded people, even if the group's efforts do not achieve the desired impact.
-purposive benefits - -Satisfaction derived from the experience of working toward a
desired policy goal, even if the goal is not achieved.
-selective incentives - -Benefits that can motivate participation in a group effort because
they are available only to those who participate, such as member services offered by
interest groups. (AARP travel benefits)
-direct lobbying - -attempts by interest group staff to influence policy by speaking with
elected officials or bureaucrats
-grassroots lobbying - -A lobbying strategy that relies on participation by group members,
such as a protest or a letter-writing campaign
-PACs - -An interest group or a division of an interest group that can raise money to
contribute to campaigns or to spend on ads in support of candidates. The amount a PAC can
receive from each of its donors and the amount it can spend on federal campaigning are
strictly limited.
-inside strategies - -The tactics employed within Washington, D.C., by interest groups
seeking to achieve their policy goals.
-outside strategies - -The tactics employed outside Washington, D.C., by interest groups
seeking to achieve their policy goals.
-the constitution and congress - -Under the Constitution, Congress has both specific and
implied powers. These powers have been expanded through the amendment process as
, well as by Congress's own legislative action. Moreover, both houses are granted authority
in certain areas.
-Bicameralism - -The system of having two chambers within one legislative body, like the
House and Senate in the U.S. Congress.
-descriptive representation - -When a member of Congress shares the characteristics
(such as gender, race, religion, or ethnicity) of his or her constituents.
-substantive representation - -When a member of Congress represents constituents'
interests and policy concerns.
-trustee - -Member of Congress who represents constituents' interests from a distance,
weighing national, collective, local and moral concerns- may cause them to vote against
majority of constituents
-delegate - -A member of Congress who loyally represents constituents' direct interests
and desires.
-politico - -Member of Congress who acts as delegate on issues constituents care about
(immigration) and trustee on more complex or less salient issues (regulatory matters)
-requirements for a senator - -30 years old, 9 years a citizen
-requirements for a house member - -25 years old, 7 years a citizen
-Rules for congressional elections - -1.) Disclosure of campaign contributions and
expenditures
2.) Disclosure of "independent spending" on candidates' behalf
3.) $1000 limit on individual contribution to campaign
4.) PACs legalized (explain how they originated), limited to $5K contributions
5.) Party contributions: higher limits, "coordinated expenditures"
6.)***Attempts to limit overall spending by a campaign, self-contributions, and
independent expenditures
-electoral connection - -the idea that congressional behavior is centrally motivated by
members' desire for reelection
-Redistricting - -Re-drawing the geographic boundaries of legislative districts. This
happens every 10 years to ensure that districts remain roughly equal in population.
-Gerrymandering - -Attempting to use the process of redrawing district boundaries to
benefit a political party, protect incumbents, or change the proportion of minority voters in
a district.
