POLS 1101 Exam 2 - Professor Roger Graham Kennesaw
State University- 12 Q’s and A’s
Federalism - -Two or more governments exercise power and authority over the same
people and the same territory. James Madison stated "The Federal Constitution forms a
happy combination... [of] the great and aggregate interests being referred to the national,
and the local and particular to state governments"; In the U.S., it is a division of authority
between the national government and states
-Dual Federalism (The Layer Cake Metaphor) - -A view holding that the Constitution is a
compact among sovereign states, so that the powers of the national government and the
states are clearly differentiated
-Cooperative Federalism (The Marble Cake Metaphor) - -A view holding that the
Constitution is a compact among people who are citizens of both state and nation, so there
is much overlap between state powers and national powers. President Franklin Roosevelt's
New Deal policies in the 1930's following the Great Depression ushered in a new era of
cooperative federalism
-Coercive Federalism - -A view holding that the national government may impose its
policy preferences on the states through laws and regulations in the form of mandates or
restraints
-"elastic clause" - -The last clause in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution which gives
Congress the means to execute enumerated powers. This clause is the basis for Congress
implied powers. Also called the "necessary and proper" clause
-McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - -In this landmark case, the U.S. Supreme Court held that
the national government, under the necessary and proper clause, had the right to establish
a national bank; however, the court ruled the state of Maryland did not have the power to
tax the bank
-Commerce Clause - -The third clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution which gives
Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states
-Grant-In-Aid - -Money provided by one level of government (usually the federal
government) to another to be spent for a given purpose.
-Categorial Grant - -A grant targeted for a specific purpose by either formula or project
-Block Grant - -A grant awarded for a general purpose, allowing the recipient great
discretion in spending the grant money
State University- 12 Q’s and A’s
Federalism - -Two or more governments exercise power and authority over the same
people and the same territory. James Madison stated "The Federal Constitution forms a
happy combination... [of] the great and aggregate interests being referred to the national,
and the local and particular to state governments"; In the U.S., it is a division of authority
between the national government and states
-Dual Federalism (The Layer Cake Metaphor) - -A view holding that the Constitution is a
compact among sovereign states, so that the powers of the national government and the
states are clearly differentiated
-Cooperative Federalism (The Marble Cake Metaphor) - -A view holding that the
Constitution is a compact among people who are citizens of both state and nation, so there
is much overlap between state powers and national powers. President Franklin Roosevelt's
New Deal policies in the 1930's following the Great Depression ushered in a new era of
cooperative federalism
-Coercive Federalism - -A view holding that the national government may impose its
policy preferences on the states through laws and regulations in the form of mandates or
restraints
-"elastic clause" - -The last clause in Article I, section 8, of the Constitution which gives
Congress the means to execute enumerated powers. This clause is the basis for Congress
implied powers. Also called the "necessary and proper" clause
-McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) - -In this landmark case, the U.S. Supreme Court held that
the national government, under the necessary and proper clause, had the right to establish
a national bank; however, the court ruled the state of Maryland did not have the power to
tax the bank
-Commerce Clause - -The third clause of Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution which gives
Congress the power to regulate commerce among the states
-Grant-In-Aid - -Money provided by one level of government (usually the federal
government) to another to be spent for a given purpose.
-Categorial Grant - -A grant targeted for a specific purpose by either formula or project
-Block Grant - -A grant awarded for a general purpose, allowing the recipient great
discretion in spending the grant money
