POLS 1101 UGA Nicholson Midterm Exam
Questions and Answers
Globalization - -The increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world.
-Government - -The legitimate use of force to control human behavior; also, the
organization or agency authorized to exercise that force.
-National Sovereignty - -A political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final
authority over its affairs.
-Order - -Established ways of social behavior. Maintaining order is the oldest purpose of
government.
-Liberalism - -The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual
pursuits.
-Communism - -A political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and
productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The
production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government.
-Public Goods - -Benefits and services, such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all
citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals.
-Freedom of - -An absence of constraints on behavior, as in freedom of speech or freedom
of religion.
-Freedom from - -Immunity, as in freedom from want.
-Police Power - -The authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens'
health, morals, safety, and welfare.
-Political Equality - -Equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all
votes counted equally.
-Social Equality - -Equality in wealth, education, and status.
-Equality of Opportunity - -The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to
succeed in life.
-Equality of Outcome - -The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and
governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and
social equality are actually achieved.
, -Rights - -The benefits of government to which every citizen is entitled.
-Political Ideology - -A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and
scope of government.
-Totalitarianism - -A political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the
government to enable it to control all sectors of society.
-Socialism - -A form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in
regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some
private ownership of productive capacity.
-Democratic Socialism - -A socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such
as freedom of speech and religion. Citizens determine the extent of government activity
through free elections and competitive political parties.
-Capitalism - -The system of government that favors free enterprise (privately owned
businesses operating without government regulation).
-Libertarianism - -A political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as
necessary to protect life and property.
-Libertarians - -Those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or
equality.
-Laissez Faire - -An economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention
in business.
-Anarchism - -A political philosophy that opposes government in any form.
-Conservatives - -Those who are willing to use government to promote order but not
equality.
-Liberals - -Those who are willing to use government to promote equality but not order.
-Communitarians - -Those who are willing to use government to promote both order and
equality.
-Autocracy - -A system of government in which the power to govern is concentrated in the
hands of one individual.
-Oligarchy - -A system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few
people.
-Democracy - -A system of government in which, in theory, the people rule, either directly
or indirectly.
Questions and Answers
Globalization - -The increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world.
-Government - -The legitimate use of force to control human behavior; also, the
organization or agency authorized to exercise that force.
-National Sovereignty - -A political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final
authority over its affairs.
-Order - -Established ways of social behavior. Maintaining order is the oldest purpose of
government.
-Liberalism - -The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual
pursuits.
-Communism - -A political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and
productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The
production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government.
-Public Goods - -Benefits and services, such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all
citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals.
-Freedom of - -An absence of constraints on behavior, as in freedom of speech or freedom
of religion.
-Freedom from - -Immunity, as in freedom from want.
-Police Power - -The authority of a government to maintain order and safeguard citizens'
health, morals, safety, and welfare.
-Political Equality - -Equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all
votes counted equally.
-Social Equality - -Equality in wealth, education, and status.
-Equality of Opportunity - -The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to
succeed in life.
-Equality of Outcome - -The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and
governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and
social equality are actually achieved.
, -Rights - -The benefits of government to which every citizen is entitled.
-Political Ideology - -A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and
scope of government.
-Totalitarianism - -A political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the
government to enable it to control all sectors of society.
-Socialism - -A form of rule in which the central government plays a strong role in
regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some
private ownership of productive capacity.
-Democratic Socialism - -A socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such
as freedom of speech and religion. Citizens determine the extent of government activity
through free elections and competitive political parties.
-Capitalism - -The system of government that favors free enterprise (privately owned
businesses operating without government regulation).
-Libertarianism - -A political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as
necessary to protect life and property.
-Libertarians - -Those who are opposed to using government to promote either order or
equality.
-Laissez Faire - -An economic doctrine that opposes any form of government intervention
in business.
-Anarchism - -A political philosophy that opposes government in any form.
-Conservatives - -Those who are willing to use government to promote order but not
equality.
-Liberals - -Those who are willing to use government to promote equality but not order.
-Communitarians - -Those who are willing to use government to promote both order and
equality.
-Autocracy - -A system of government in which the power to govern is concentrated in the
hands of one individual.
-Oligarchy - -A system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few
people.
-Democracy - -A system of government in which, in theory, the people rule, either directly
or indirectly.
