Toxicology Lecture 6 – Pesticides
Pesticides (chemische bestrijdingsmiddelen) (plant protection products PPP,
phytopharmaceuticals, biocides) are meant to kill, they are toxic by definition.
A compound may not be used unless;
• It works against a pest
• Has no negatively appreciated side-effects for human and environmental
health.
Each producer has to register each new compound or application (toepassing) to the
CTGB (toxicological risk assessment).
Pesticides classified according to pest;
Fungicides to kill Fungi
Herbicides to kill weeds
Insectides to kill insects
Acaricides to kill mites
Nematicides to kill nematodes
Molluscides to snails and slugs
Pediculucides to kill head lice
Rodenticides to kill rodents
Algicides to kill Algae and weeds
Nomenclature (naamgeving) of pesticides;
• Code name of the active ingredient (e.g. propoxur)
• Chemical class name (propoxur belongs to the carbamate esters
• Chemical name; propoxur is 2-isopropxyfenylmethylcarbamate
• Product name (brand name); it is sold as Unden
• Name for the formulation; Unden is a wettable powder
• Formulation contains also “additives”
Selective pesticide kills some pests (ongedierte) and not others
Non-selective pesticide kills many pests (ongedierte)
The selectivity of pesticides is limited, there is no selectivity at species (soorten)
level. There is some selectivity at higher level of biological organization.
Insecticides
Organochlorinated pesticides; They are POPs (persistent organic pollutant (blijvende
organische verontreinigende stof))
They are/have;
• Organic carbon skeleton
• Persistent (blijvend)
o Chemical stable
o Biological stable
• Widely dispersed (verspreid)
• Toxic
DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane).
In WW-II; lice (luizen) control
After WW-II; malaria control and for agriculture
Pesticides (chemische bestrijdingsmiddelen) (plant protection products PPP,
phytopharmaceuticals, biocides) are meant to kill, they are toxic by definition.
A compound may not be used unless;
• It works against a pest
• Has no negatively appreciated side-effects for human and environmental
health.
Each producer has to register each new compound or application (toepassing) to the
CTGB (toxicological risk assessment).
Pesticides classified according to pest;
Fungicides to kill Fungi
Herbicides to kill weeds
Insectides to kill insects
Acaricides to kill mites
Nematicides to kill nematodes
Molluscides to snails and slugs
Pediculucides to kill head lice
Rodenticides to kill rodents
Algicides to kill Algae and weeds
Nomenclature (naamgeving) of pesticides;
• Code name of the active ingredient (e.g. propoxur)
• Chemical class name (propoxur belongs to the carbamate esters
• Chemical name; propoxur is 2-isopropxyfenylmethylcarbamate
• Product name (brand name); it is sold as Unden
• Name for the formulation; Unden is a wettable powder
• Formulation contains also “additives”
Selective pesticide kills some pests (ongedierte) and not others
Non-selective pesticide kills many pests (ongedierte)
The selectivity of pesticides is limited, there is no selectivity at species (soorten)
level. There is some selectivity at higher level of biological organization.
Insecticides
Organochlorinated pesticides; They are POPs (persistent organic pollutant (blijvende
organische verontreinigende stof))
They are/have;
• Organic carbon skeleton
• Persistent (blijvend)
o Chemical stable
o Biological stable
• Widely dispersed (verspreid)
• Toxic
DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane).
In WW-II; lice (luizen) control
After WW-II; malaria control and for agriculture
