MOTOR LEARNING EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100% PASSED ANSWERS!!
Repetition - (answer)repeating a movement, repeating a motor program that you have already
established
Practice - (answer)active part of learning and solving to modify the motor program; Practice is a
particular type of repetition without repetition and that motor training if this position is ignored is
merely mechanical repetition by rote a method which has been discredited in pedagogy for some time
Specificity of learning principle - (answer)Motor learning is quite specific; suggests that what you learn
depends largely on what you practice; sensory feedback resulting from performance during specific
types or locations of practice becomes part of the learned representation for skill such that later
performance is more skillful when that sam sensory info. Is available compared to situations in which
one or more of these feedback channels are altered; Best learning experiences are those that most
approximate the movement components and environmental conditions of the target skill; Best transfer
if the practice is as similar as the actual task
What is the difference between learning and performance? - (answer)When learners acquire a new skill,
they do so by doing something different that they had done earlier, the process of learning requires that
the learner changes something in the movement pattern hopefully so the performance becomes more
effective; Learning requires changing a movement pattern in order to find the best movement pattern;
Performance reflects that change when the optimal movement pattern is utilized
Perceptual skill - (answer)the capability to remember briefly presented information is specific to the skill
of the observer, this expertise if quite specific to the nature of the skill that has been practiced, experts
tend to seek out more specific and narrowly focused information in a perceptual display and to pick up
that info. much earlier in the action than nonexperts
Attention - (answer)practice reduced that demand for attention for tasks that are well learned;
Interference of attention arises when one effects has a movement goal or pattern that is different from
the goal (or movement pattern) of the other effector; the difficulty seems to be that the system is
attempting to run 2 different programs at the same time and practice moves the learner closer to having
a single motor program that governs both actions
Motor programs - (answer)with more practice, less motor programs need to be utilized to perform a skill
with multiple parts
, MOTOR LEARNING EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100% PASSED ANSWERS!!
Error detections - (answer)more skilled performers can detect and analyze their errors independently
Fitt's Stages of Learning - (answer)designed to consider perceptual-motor learning, with emphasis on
both the perpetual and motor components involving skill acquisition; places heavy emphasis o how the
cognitive processes invested in motor performance change as a function of practice; includes 3 stages
Fitt's Stage 1: Verbal Cognitive Stage - (answer)A lot of time is spent on thinking; Attentional demanding;
Understand the fundamentals of movement pattern; Need verbal guidance; Large gains
Fitt's Stage 2: Fixation Stage - (answer)Solved the major cognitive problem; Focus is on refining the skill;
Building a motor program; Monitor own feedback
Fitt's Stage 3: Autonomous Stage - (answer)Little or no attention on skill; Longer motor programs;
Higher-order cognition; Increased perceptual anticipation
Bernstein's stages of Learning - (answer)identifies stages of learning from a combined motor control and
biomechanical perspective
Bernstein's Stage 1: Reduce Degrees of Freedom - (answer)Freezing degrees of freedom; Conscious
control; Produce rudimentary aspects of the movement
Bernstein's Stage 2: release additional degrees of freedom - (answer)allows for greater flexibility;
Produce more complex movements
Bernstein's Stage 3: Exploit passive dynamics - (answer)Exploit principles of energy and motion;
Maximize skill effectiveness; Maximize efficiency
What are the factors that influence skill retention? - (answer)forgetting and warm up decrement
Repetition - (answer)repeating a movement, repeating a motor program that you have already
established
Practice - (answer)active part of learning and solving to modify the motor program; Practice is a
particular type of repetition without repetition and that motor training if this position is ignored is
merely mechanical repetition by rote a method which has been discredited in pedagogy for some time
Specificity of learning principle - (answer)Motor learning is quite specific; suggests that what you learn
depends largely on what you practice; sensory feedback resulting from performance during specific
types or locations of practice becomes part of the learned representation for skill such that later
performance is more skillful when that sam sensory info. Is available compared to situations in which
one or more of these feedback channels are altered; Best learning experiences are those that most
approximate the movement components and environmental conditions of the target skill; Best transfer
if the practice is as similar as the actual task
What is the difference between learning and performance? - (answer)When learners acquire a new skill,
they do so by doing something different that they had done earlier, the process of learning requires that
the learner changes something in the movement pattern hopefully so the performance becomes more
effective; Learning requires changing a movement pattern in order to find the best movement pattern;
Performance reflects that change when the optimal movement pattern is utilized
Perceptual skill - (answer)the capability to remember briefly presented information is specific to the skill
of the observer, this expertise if quite specific to the nature of the skill that has been practiced, experts
tend to seek out more specific and narrowly focused information in a perceptual display and to pick up
that info. much earlier in the action than nonexperts
Attention - (answer)practice reduced that demand for attention for tasks that are well learned;
Interference of attention arises when one effects has a movement goal or pattern that is different from
the goal (or movement pattern) of the other effector; the difficulty seems to be that the system is
attempting to run 2 different programs at the same time and practice moves the learner closer to having
a single motor program that governs both actions
Motor programs - (answer)with more practice, less motor programs need to be utilized to perform a skill
with multiple parts
, MOTOR LEARNING EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH 100% PASSED ANSWERS!!
Error detections - (answer)more skilled performers can detect and analyze their errors independently
Fitt's Stages of Learning - (answer)designed to consider perceptual-motor learning, with emphasis on
both the perpetual and motor components involving skill acquisition; places heavy emphasis o how the
cognitive processes invested in motor performance change as a function of practice; includes 3 stages
Fitt's Stage 1: Verbal Cognitive Stage - (answer)A lot of time is spent on thinking; Attentional demanding;
Understand the fundamentals of movement pattern; Need verbal guidance; Large gains
Fitt's Stage 2: Fixation Stage - (answer)Solved the major cognitive problem; Focus is on refining the skill;
Building a motor program; Monitor own feedback
Fitt's Stage 3: Autonomous Stage - (answer)Little or no attention on skill; Longer motor programs;
Higher-order cognition; Increased perceptual anticipation
Bernstein's stages of Learning - (answer)identifies stages of learning from a combined motor control and
biomechanical perspective
Bernstein's Stage 1: Reduce Degrees of Freedom - (answer)Freezing degrees of freedom; Conscious
control; Produce rudimentary aspects of the movement
Bernstein's Stage 2: release additional degrees of freedom - (answer)allows for greater flexibility;
Produce more complex movements
Bernstein's Stage 3: Exploit passive dynamics - (answer)Exploit principles of energy and motion;
Maximize skill effectiveness; Maximize efficiency
What are the factors that influence skill retention? - (answer)forgetting and warm up decrement
