Essentials of Pediatric Nursing EXAM 2025 AND PRACTICE QUESTIONS |ACCURATE ANSWERS| VERIFIED FOR GUARANTEED PASS |GRADED A |NEW VERSION

A child is admitted to the acute care facility with a burn injury. The nurse would check the child's immunization status, specifically for which of the following? A. Pertussis B. Diphtheria C. Tetanus D. Meningitis Correct Answer: C. Tetanus Rationale: Burn wounds provide an ideal environment for bacterial growth. Tetanus immunization is critical to prevent infection. Pertussis, diphtheria, and meningitis immunizations are not priority checks for a burn injury. The nurse is caring for a child brought to a pediatric clinic for swelling in the lower extremities. The skin is reddened with undefined borders and pits slightly when pressed. Based on the assessment findings, which of the following would the nurse suspect? A. Impetigo B. Cellulitis C. Cat scratch disease D. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) Correct Answer: B. Cellulitis Rationale: Cellulitis presents with swollen, red skin that pits when pressed. Impetigo produces superficial honey-colored lesions, SSSS causes bullae with scalded appearance, and cat scratch disease typically involves lymphadenopathy. A nurse assessing a 6-month-old girl with an integumentary disorder notes three identical round red circles with scaling symmetrically on the inner thighs. Which question should the nurse ask the mother? A. "Does she wear sleepers with metal snaps?" B. "Is there a family history of allergies?" C. "Has she been exposed to poison ivy?" D. "Does she have a diaper rash?" Correct Answer: A. "Does she wear sleepers with metal snaps?" Rationale: The symmetrical red circles with scaling suggest nickel dermatitis, often from clothing snaps. Other options do not match this presentation. The nurse has completed client teaching with a 16-year-old female prescribed isotretinoin for cystic acne. Which statements indicate learning has occurred? Select all that apply. A. "If I am sexually active I need to let my doctor know." B. "This drug can be used for all acne, even mild acne." C. "My doctor may order a CBC blood test, and I’ll make sure to get it." D. "I do not need to worry about pregnancy tests if I use birth control." E. "This drug is only for severe acne like mine, not for mild acne." Correct Answers: A, C, E Rationale: Isotretinoin is for severe cystic acne, not mild acne. Sexual activity must be reported because of high teratogenic risk. Labs like CBC and liver function tests are needed. Pregnancy testing is required even with birth control. An adolescent with tinea versicolor is admitted for treatment. Which nursing diagnosis will the nurse identify as having the highest priority? A. Risk for infection B. Disturbed body image C. Impaired skin integrity D. Risk for impaired growth and development Correct Answer: B. Disturbed body image Rationale: Tinea versicolor causes visible skin discoloration, which may be distressing to adolescents. This makes disturbed body image the priority nursing diagnosis. The nurse is caring for a female child struck by lightning. The parents say, "I don’t understand why our child has to be here; the doctor said she was fine." What is the best response by the nurse? A. "If she develops complications, she will be treated immediately." B. "She could develop cardiac arrhythmias up to 72 hours after the burn, so we need to monitor her." C. "We want to keep her for observation just in case something happens." D. "Lightning injuries can be unpredictable, so it is better to be cautious." Correct Answer: B. "She could develop cardiac arrhythmias up to 72 hours after the burn, so we need to monitor her." Rationale: Electrical burns can cause delayed cardiac arrhythmias; monitoring explains the need for hospitalization. Other responses are vague or less informative. The parents of an 8-year-old boy diagnosed with frostbite are distraught, saying, "We should have made him come inside." How should the nurse respond? A. "You could not have prevented this." B. "I can’t imagine how you are feeling, but we will take good care of your son." C. "You should be thankful he is alive." D. Give the parents a spontaneous hug. Correct Answer: B. "I can’t imagine how you are feeling, but we will take good care of your son." Rationale: The nurse should be empathetic and supportive, avoiding judgment or dismissing the parents’ feelings. The nurse is assessing a child with honey-colored crusting on the face. This finding is consistent with which condition? A. Impetigo B. Scabies C. Eczema D. Chickenpox Correct Answer: A. Impetigo Rationale: Impetigo is characterized by honey-colored crusted lesions, often around the nose and mouth. A child has an order for an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The mother asks the purpose of the test. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "It tells us if your child has a bacterial infection only." B. "It measures your child’s red blood cell count." C. "It helps detect infection or inflammation in the body." D. "It diagnoses the exact illness your child has." Correct Answer: C. "It helps detect infection or inflammation in the body." Rationale: ESR is a nonspecific test that indicates inflammation or infection but does not identify the exact illness. A parent of a 2-year-old burn victim tells the nurse, "I should have prevented this." What is the nurse’s best action? A. Encourage the parent to talk about feelings B. Tell the parent they could not have prevented the fire C. Hug the parent spontaneously D. Tell the parent to be thankful the child survived Correct Answer: A. Encourage the parent to talk about feelings Rationale: Encouraging verbal expression helps the parent cope. The other options dismiss or negate the parent’s emotions. A community nurse receives a call from a daycare center about a child diagnosed with impetigo. Which information should the nurse provide? A. "Impetigo is caused by pollens and molds." B. "It spreads by droplets, so children need masks." C. "It is highly contagious and can spread quickly." D. "It does not require antibiotics." Correct Answer: C. "It is highly contagious and can spread quickly." Rationale: Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection that spreads rapidly through direct contact. Antibiotic treatment is usually required. A child is admitted to the hospital with a severe burn. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority during the acute phase of care? A. Administering analgesics for pain B. Monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance C. Providing emotional support to the parents D. Applying topical antimicrobial ointments Correct Answer: B. Monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance Rationale: During the acute phase of burn care, fluid shifts place the child at risk for hypovolemic shock. Monitoring and managing fluid and electrolytes is the top priority before other interventions. The nurse is caring for a school-age child with eczema. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will apply the prescribed corticosteroid cream as directed." B. "I will bathe my child in lukewarm water and use mild soap." C. "I will let my child scratch the rash to help relieve the itching." D. "I will keep my child’s fingernails trimmed short." Correct Answer: C. "I will let my child scratch the rash to help relieve the itching." Rationale: Scratching worsens eczema, increases risk of infection, and delays healing. The other statements demonstrate correct management. A teenager is prescribed griseofulvin for tinea capitis. Which teaching should the nurse reinforce? A. "Take this medicine with fatty foods like milk or cheese." B. "Stop the medication once your scalp looks clear." C. "Avoid wearing hats or scarves while on this medication." D. "You only need to take it for 1 week." Correct Answer: A. "Take this medicine with fatty foods like milk or cheese." Rationale: Griseofulvin is absorbed better with fatty meals. Therapy usually lasts several weeks, and the medication should not be stopped early. The nurse is teaching parents about lice (pediculosis capitis). Which statement indicates understanding? A. "We will wash all bedding and clothing in hot water." B. "We will treat our pets because they may carry lice." C. "My child can return to school the same day after treatment." D. "We only need to treat the child with lice, not the whole family." Correct Answer: A. "We will wash all bedding and clothing in hot water." Rationale: Lice spread by direct contact and contaminated items. Pets do not carry lice, and all family members should be checked. Schools often require children to be nit-free before returning. A child is admitted with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Which nursing diagnosis takes priority? A. Risk for infection B. Disturbed body image C. Impaired social interaction D. Knowledge deficit Correct Answer: A. Risk for infection Rationale: Stevens-Johnson syndrome causes widespread skin and mucous membrane breakdown, greatly increasing risk of secondary infection. The nurse is caring for an adolescent with acne vulgaris. Which instruction is most appropriate? A. "Wash your face vigorously three times a day." B. "Avoid squeezing or picking at the lesions." C. "Apply oil-based moisturizers to keep your skin soft." D. "Stop taking your medication once your acne clears." Correct Answer: B. "Avoid squeezing or picking at the lesions." Rationale: Picking worsens acne and may cause scarring. Gentle cleansing with mild soap is recommended. Oil-based products worsen acne, and medications should be continued as prescribed. A school nurse notes that several children have developed a red, itchy rash between their fingers. The nurse suspects scabies. Which instruction should be given to parents? A. "Your child should not return to school for at least 2 weeks." B. "Wash clothing and bedding in hot water and dry on high heat." C. "Scabies is spread by respiratory droplets, so your child needs a mask." D. "Topical corticosteroids will cure the infection." Correct Answer: B. "Wash clothing and bedding in hot water and dry on high heat." Rationale: Scabies is caused by mites that burrow into skin and spread via prolonged contact. Treatment involves scabicide cream and decontaminating linens. It is not spread by droplets. A nurse is evaluating teaching for the parents of a child with atopic dermatitis. Which parent statement demonstrates a need for further teaching? A. "We’ll apply emollients immediately after the bath." B. "We’ll keep our child’s fingernails trimmed short." C. "We’ll use hot water baths to relieve itching." D. "We’ll dress our child in cotton clothing." Correct Answer: C. "We’ll use hot water baths to relieve itching." Rationale: Hot water worsens dryness and irritation. Lukewarm baths with mild soap are recommended.