Essentials of Pediatric Nursing EXAM 2025 | ACTUAL REAL EXAM ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | VERIFIED AND LATEST UPDATED |GUARANTEED PASS

A child's chronic illness may progress to the point of becoming a terminal illness (illness deemed to be noncurable, ultimately leading to death). A. A chronic illness always improves with treatment B. A chronic illness can sometimes progress to a terminal illness C. Chronic illnesses never lead to death D. Terminal illness is curable with aggressive therapy Correct Answer: B. A chronic illness can sometimes progress to a terminal illness Rationale: Despite advances in treatment, some chronic illnesses eventually become terminal, meaning they are noncurable and ultimately lead to death. Despite improved treatment options, cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease in children older than age 1 year. A. Cancer is always curable in children B. Accidents are the leading cause of disease-related death in children C. Cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease in children over 1 year old D. Viral infections are the top cause of child mortality after 1 year Correct Answer: C. Cancer remains the leading cause of death from disease in children over 1 year old Rationale: Even with improved survival rates, cancer is still the primary cause of disease-related deaths in children older than 1 year. When end-of-life decisions must be made, parents are often torn about the "right" course of action because: A. They are not legally responsible for their child’s care B. They are only concerned with financial issues C. They must balance protecting their child and doing good for them D. Physicians make all final decisions, not parents Correct Answer: C. They must balance protecting their child and doing good for them Rationale: Parents are ethically and legally obligated to protect their child from harm and also maximize their child’s well-being, making end-of-life choices very difficult. Children, parents, and physicians are generally in agreement that continued suffering is not desired. When all curative attempts fail: A. Aggressive treatment should continue indefinitely B. Survival is no longer possible C. The child will eventually recover D. Pain is not a factor in decision-making Correct Answer: B. Survival is no longer possible Rationale: Once curative options have been exhausted, the focus shifts to comfort and quality of life because survival cannot be achieved. The decision to institute a DNR order is difficult because: A. Parents may feel it means they are giving up on their child B. It is illegal to withhold resuscitation in children C. It guarantees that the child will suffer D. Nurses decide the DNR status, not parents Correct Answer: A. Parents may feel it means they are giving up on their child Rationale: Although DNR focuses on avoiding futile resuscitation efforts, families often feel guilt or perceive it as surrendering. Appropriate palliative care for children with life-threatening illness should include: A. Focus only on curing the disease B. Ignoring caregiver concerns C. Respect for child’s goals, caregiver concerns, and community-based support D. Minimal interdisciplinary care Correct Answer: C. Respect for child’s goals, caregiver concerns, and community-based support Rationale: Pediatric palliative care emphasizes dignity, family support, and comprehensive care that addresses both physical and emotional needs. Hospice care for children is focused on: A. Aggressive life-prolonging measures B. Enhancing quality of life for child and family C. Separation of the family from the dying child D. Eliminating emotional support Correct Answer: B. Enhancing quality of life for child and family Rationale: Pediatric hospice emphasizes family-centered care and comfort, aiming to improve quality of life rather than prolong life at all costs. Pain management in terminal illness is essential because: A. Pain is unavoidable and cannot be managed B. It enhances quality of life and reduces suffering C. Children rarely feel pain at the end of life D. It is less important than nutrition Correct Answer: B. It enhances quality of life and reduces suffering Rationale: Proper pain control allows the child to remain as comfortable as possible and minimizes suffering. Nutritional support for the dying child should include: A. Forcing the child to eat large meals B. Avoiding liquids to prevent aspiration C. Offering small, preferred foods such as soups and shakes D. Intravenous feeding only Correct Answer: C. Offering small, preferred foods such as soups and shakes Rationale: The dying child’s body requires less nutrition; small, easy-to-consume foods maintain comfort without undue stress. Support for dying children varies by developmental stage. For preschoolers (ages 3–5), the nurse should: A. Allow them to believe death is only temporary B. Correct misconceptions that death is punishment C. Avoid talking about death entirely D. Focus only on pain control Correct Answer: B. Correct misconceptions that death is punishment Rationale: Preschool children may think death is punishment. Honest communication helps correct misunderstandings and reduces fear. The hallmark symptom of measles is: A. Fever B. Conjunctivitis C. Cough D. Koplik spots Correct Answer: D. Koplik spots Rationale: Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa are a classic diagnostic feature of measles, appearing before the rash. The leading cause of neonatal sepsis and death is: A. Epstein-Barr virus B. Group B streptococcus C. Neisseria meningitidis D. Cytomegalovirus Correct Answer: B. Group B streptococcus Rationale: Group B streptococcus is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and carries the highest mortality risk in this age group. Which infectious disease is most likely when a child presents with fever and a swollen parotid gland? A. Pertussis B. Measles C. Scabies D. Mumps Correct Answer: D. Mumps Rationale: Mumps is characterized by parotid gland swelling and spreads via respiratory droplets. Which medication is the drug of choice for treating genital herpes in adolescents? A. Ceftriaxone B. Penicillin C. Griseofulvin D. Acyclovir Correct Answer: D. Acyclovir Rationale: Acyclovir is the primary antiviral used to suppress or relieve genital herpes symptoms.