NBME CBSE |AT A GLANCE UPDATED MEDICAL REVISION INCLUDING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ASWERS GRADED A +

NBME CBSE |AT A GLANCE UPDATED MEDICAL REVISION INCLUDING QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ASWERS GRADED A + cholinomimetic agents (4) - Answer Bethanecol Carbachol Methacholine Pilocarpine Indirect Agonists (anticholinesterases) (6) - Answer Donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine Edrophonium Neostigmine Physostigmine Pyridostigmine Muscarinic Antagonists-eye - Answer atropine, homatropine, tropicamide Muscarinic Antagonists-CNS - Answer Benztropine, trihexphenidyl Muscarinic Antagonists-GI, respiratory - Answer Glycopyrrolate Muscarinic Antagonists-GI - Answer Ipratroprium, tiotropium Muscarinic Antagonists-Genitourinary - Answer SOFT Solifenacin Oxybutynin Flavoxate Tolterodine Muscarinic Antagonists-CNS - Answer Scopolamine Direct Sympathomimetics - Answer Albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline Dobutamine Dopamine Epinephrine Fenoldopam Isoproterenol Midodrine Mirabegron Norepinephrine Phenylephrine Indirect sympathomimetics - Answer Amphetamine Cocaine Ephedrine Sympatholytics (alpha-2 Agonists) - Answer Clonidine Guanfacine Alpha-methyldopa Tizanidine Alpha-blockers - Answer Phenoxybenzamine Phentolamine Alpha-1 selective (-osin ending) - Answer Prazosin Terazosin Doxazosin Tamusulosin alpha-2 selective - Answer Depression PDE inhibitor types - Answer Nonspecific PDE inhibitor PDE-5 inhibitor PDE-4 inhibitor PDE-3 inhibitor "Platelet inhibitors" Nonspecific PDE inhibitor - Answer Theophylline PDE-5 inhibitors - Answer Sildenafil Vardenafil Tadalafil Avanafil PDE-4 inhibitor - Answer Roflumilast PDE-3 inhibitor - Answer Milrinone Platelet inhibitors - Answer Cilostazol Dipyridamole Ingested Seafood Toxins - Answer Histamine (scombroid poisoning) Tetrodotoxin Ciguatoxin Specific Toxicity tx: acetaminophen - Answer N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione) Specific Toxicity tx: AChE inhibitors, organophosphates - Answer Atropinepralidoxime Specific Toxicity tx: Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents - Answer Phytostigmine (crosses BBB), control hyperthermia Specific Toxicity tx: Arsenic - Answer Dimercaprol, Succimer Specific Toxicity tx: Benzodiazepines - Answer Flumazenil Specific Toxicity tx: B-blockerss - Answer Atropine, glucagon, saline Specific Toxicity tx: carbon monoxide - Answer 100% oxygen, hyperbaric O2 Specific Toxicity tx: copper - Answer Penicillamine, trientine (3 copper PENNies) Specific Toxicity tx: Cyanice - Answer Hydroxycobalamin, nitrites and sodium, thiosulfate Specific Toxicity tx: Dabigatran - Answer Idarucizumab Specific Toxicity tx: Digoxin - Answer Digoxin-Specific Antibody Fragments Specific Toxicity tx: Direct factor Xa inhibitors (ex. Apixaban) - Answer Andexanet alfa Specific Toxicity tx: Heparin - Answer Protamine sulfate Specific Toxicity tx: Iron (Fe) - Answer Deferoxamine, Deferasirox, deferiprone Specific Toxicity tx: Lead - Answer Penicillamine, calcium disodium EDTA, Dimercaprol, succimer Specific Toxicity tx: Mercury - Answer Dimercaprol Succimer Specific Toxicity tx: Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) - Answer Fomepizoleehtanol, dialysis Specific Toxicity tx: Methemoglobin - Answer Methylene blue, Vitamin C (reducing agent) Specific Toxicity tx: Methotrexate - Answer Leucovorin Specific Toxicity tx: Opioids - Answer Naloxone Specific Toxicity tx: Salicylates - Answer NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis Specific Toxicity tx: TCAs - Answer NaHCO3 (stabilizes cardiac cell membrane) Specific Toxicity tx: Warfarin - Answer Vit K (delayed effect), PCC (prothrombin complex concentrate)/FFP (immediate effect) Drug Reactions-Cardiovascular: Coronary Vasospasm - Answer CASE Cocaine Amphetamines Sumatriptan Ergot Alkaloids Drug Reactions-Cardiovascular: Cutaneous Flushing - Answer VANCEN Vancomycin Adenosine Niacin Ca2+ channel blockers Echinocandins Nitrates Vancomycin infusion reaction (aka red man syndrome) - Answer Rate dependent infusion reaction to vancomycin causing widespread pruritic erythema due to histamine release Manage with diphenhydramine, and slower infusion rate Drug Reactions-Cardiovascular: dilated cardiomyopathy - Answer Alcohol Anthracycline (ex doxorubicin, danurubicin, prevent with dexrazoxane), trastuzumab